Feudalism and Japanese Reunification

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Chapter 27

• Feudalism and Japanese Reunification

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Ming vs. Qing China

• Ming Dynasty
• 1300s-1600s
• Support Chinese culture / replace Mongol traces
• Positives Cultural revival (literature,
  porcelain, architecture, Confucianism, Civil
  Service Exams, trade with Europe, Zheng Hes
  voyages)
• Negatives/Decline Weak rulers, pirating off east
  coast, silver influx (inflation), shrinking
  agricultural yields, invaders from north
  (extensive borders were difficult to protect)
• Replaced by Manchus from the North (Qing)

• Qing Dyansty
• 1600s-1900s
• Closed-off
• Govt controls trade in one city Canton
  (exported tea)
• Favorable Balance of Trade (many exports/few
  imports)
• Aggressive anti-foreigner policies
• No foreign goods
• No Christianity banned in 1724
• Decline in late 1700s, early 1800s
• Rapid population growth
• Poverty, lack of tech / scientific achievements
• BECOMES HEAVILY DOMINATED BY EUROPE IN THE
  1800s

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Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on
loyalty, the holding of land, and military
service. Japan
Shogun
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Daimyo
Daimyo
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Samurai
Samurai
Samurai
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
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Feudal Japan

• After 1185 Japan was ruled by Shoguns
  military rulers, ruling on behalf of Emperor (who
  was figurehead)
• Japanese Feudalism political and social,
  decentralized system
• By 13-1400s, Japanese feudalism breaks down - in
  reality ruled by Daimyo - landowning aristocrats
• Weak Japan (1400s-1500s) allowed Europeans to
  arrive in the 1500s and exercise lots of
  influence
• The Dutch arrive
• Trade with Europe
• Spread of Christianity

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Reunification of Japan

• Effort to restore power in centralized, powerful
  shoguns
• Occurs with the Tokugawa Shogunate -1603
  Characteristics
• New capital at Edo (modern Tokyo)
• Centralized rule emperor still a figurehead
  lasting peace
• Samurai keep elite status citizens cant own
  weapons (why)
• Womens status changes

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Japanese Isolationism

• Japan had traded with Europe going back to
  1500s
• Tokugawa govt saw Europeans as barbaric
• Banned missionaries
• Banned gunpowder importation
• 1649-1720 Only could trade at one Japanese port
  (Nagasaki) then shut it down altogether

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Successes of the Tokugawa

• Restored peace / stability
• Good agricultural yields population increases
• Edo grows as one of worlds largest

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Chapter 27 Review Questions

• How were the Qing Dynasty and the Tokugawa
  Shogunate similar (esp. with respect to contacts
  with the outside world?) Give specific examples
• What accounted for each governments adoption of
  isolationist policies? (Why did they choose this
  route?)
• What would be some of the long-term outcomes of
  Chinese and Japanese isolationism in the period
  1600-1800?