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The Union in Crisis Chapter 10

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Title: The Union in Crisis Chapter 10


1
The Union in CrisisChapter 10
2
Slavery in Early America
  • Pennsylvania congressman David Wilmot proposed a
    law stating that any lands won from Mexico would
    not have slavery of any kind. (Wilmot Proviso)
  • Northern bankers, mill owners and merchants who
    depended on the cotton industry did not want
    slavery to go away.
  • Unskilled workers with low paying jobs worried
    that an end to slavery could bring competition
    for work to the north.
  • Slavery was an integral part of southern life.

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4
The Election of 1848
  • In the 1848 presidential campaign, both Democrats
    and Whigs split over the question of whether to
    limit the expansion of slavery.
  • Several factions united in support of the Wilmont
    Proviso to form the Free-Soil Party. (Martin Van
    Buren)
  • Both the Democrats and the Whigs addressed the
    problem by embracing the idea of popular
    sovereignty. (Letting the people decide)
  • The Whigs candidate Zachary Taylor won the
    election

5
The Compromise of 1850
  • Based on the ideas of Henry Clay.
  • California was admitted as a free state.
  • Popular sovereignty was applied to the territory
    acquired from Mexico.
  • The Fugitive Slave Act punished private citizens
    who aided in the escape of slaves.

6
A Rising Tide of Protest
  • Northerners resented what they saw as an increase
    in federal intervention in the affairs of the
    states.
  • Personal liberty laws were passed which nullified
    the Fugitive Slave Act and allowed slave catchers
    to be arrested.
  • In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle
    Toms Cabin, a powerful condemnation of slavery.

7
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
  • Proposed by Sen. Stephen Douglas of Illinois, it
    called for a government to be established in the
    Nebraska Territory.
  • The region was to be divided into two parts,
    Kansas would be slave and Nebraska would be free.
  • Act nullified the Missouri Compromise by allowing
    slavery north of the 36 parallel.

8
Bleeding Kansas
  • By 1855, proslavery settlers had set up a govt
    near the border of Missouri, a slave state.
  • Border Ruffians would sweep into Kansas to ensure
    the pro-slavery agenda was passed.
  • Abolitionists also rushed into Kansas to raise
    money for their cause.
  • John Brown, an abolitionist, along with others
    killed 5 proslavery settlers igniting what became
    known as Bleeding Kansas.

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10
The Dred Scott Decision
  • Case involving Dred Scott, a slave, who was
    brought by his master to the free state of
    Illinois and then Wisconsin Territory between
    1834 1838.
  • Scott wanted to sue on the basis that b/c he was
    taken to a free state he should be granted his
    freedom.
  • In a controversial decision, the Court decided
    that slaves and their descendants were property,
    not citizens, and therefore were not entitled to
    sue in the courts.

11
John Browns Raid
  • Hoping to start a revolution in the south to stop
    slavery, John Brown along with 21 men raided a
    federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia in
    1859.
  • Local residents surrounded Browns men in the
    arsenal, and federal troops arrived and arrested
    most of them. (Brown hanged)
  • The rebellion was a failure due to lack of
    support.

12
Harpers Ferry Armory
13
Engine house were Brown was caught
14
The Election of 1860
  • The issues of states rights and slavery were on
    the minds of voters both in the north and the
    south.
  • Benefiting from the fracturing among the other
    parties, Lincoln won the election handily.
  • Demonstrated that the north and south were truly
    divided.
  • Lincoln was not even on many of the southern
    ballots

15
Election of 1860
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17
The Union Collapses
  • As soon as Lincoln was elected , South Carolina
    began the process of seceding from the union.
  • In Feb. of 1861, seven states est. the
    Confederate States of America.
  • Jefferson Davis was elected President.

18
Fort Sumter
  • When the southern state seceded, they seized the
    federal forts and arsenals within their borders.
  • Only 4 remained in Union hands the most important
    of these was Fort Sumter in Charleston South
    Carolina.
  • The Confederate army fired on the fort and with
    little supplies the Union troops were forced to
    surrender.
  • Within days President Lincoln sent 75,000 troops
    to march against the Confederacy and in response
    4 more southern states seceded from the Union.

19
Fort Sumter
20
Fort Sumter
21
Fort Sumter Today
22
Fort Sumter Today
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