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The Roaring 20s
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After World War I

• April 8, 1919 Wilson brings peace treaty to the
  Senate
• Senate voted against treaty because of
• League of Nations
• Wanted Monroe Doctrine Enforced

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After World War I

• Wilson went on a speech tour to win support for
  the treaty
• Suffered a stoke paralyzed half his body
• Ended presidency in seclusion
• July 2, 1921 Congress voted to end war with
  Central Powers

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Presidents During 1920s

• Warren G. Harding
• Calvin Coolidge
• Herbert Hoover

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Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)
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The Harding Presidency
Foreign Policy Isolationism, avoid political
economic alliances with foreign
countries. Disarmament, a program in which
nations voluntarily give up their weapons.
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The Harding Presidency
Foreign Policy Quota (number limit) on
immigrants Refused to join the League of
Nations
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The Harding Presidency
Domestic Policy Normalcy - Hardings campaign
promised a return to pre- WWI peacefulness Red
Scare American fear of communism other
extreme ideas
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The Red Scare

• 1920 Russia becomes Union of Soviet Socialist
  Republics (USSR) or Soviet Union
• Govt owned land property
• Single Political Party
• No rights for citizens
• Spread Communism to the World

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Palmer Raids

• Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer
• Driven by fear of Communism
• And hopes of one day being president
• Held suspects
• without evidence

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IWW (Wobblies) Headquarters after a Palmer Raid
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Sacco and Vanzetti

• Suspected militant anarchists
• Convicted of murder
• Many felt they did not receive a fair trial
  because of their political ideas and ethnicity.

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Bartolomeo Venzetti and Nicola Sacco
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Scandals of the Harding Administration

• Mostly related to the company his friends the
  Ohio Gang friends he gave govt jobs too
• Teapot Dome Scandal the most infamous

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The Teapot Dome Scandal

• Secretary of the Interior secretly gave drilling
  rights to two private oil companies in return for
  illegal payments.
• Strain over scandals may have cause Hardings
  Death
• April 2, 1923 Harding Dies

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This 1924 cartoon shows the dimensions of the
Teapot Dome scandal
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Coolidge becomes president. Silent Cal
Calvin Coolidge 1923-1929
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Coolidges Presidency

• Continues Hardings programs policies
• Believed in Laissez-faire
• Re-elected in 1924

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Election of 1928

• Rep. Herbert Hoover
• Dem. Alfred Smith (Catholic)
• Hoover used Smiths religion
  against him
• Hoover Wins!

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Herbert Hoover

• When Hoover takes office the US economy seemed to
  be doing well
• Oct 29, 1929 Black Tuesday Stock Market Crashed
  beginning the Great Depression

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African Americans

• Great Migration Blacks moved north to take
  advantage of booming wartime industry
• Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. Harlem

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African Americans

• Harlem Renaissance African Am literary
  awakening
• Alain Locke The New Negro celebrated growing
  African Am culture
• Langston Hughes poet, writer, playwright who
  wrote about being African Am in the 1920s

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The Jazz Age

• Jazz, a style of music that grew out of the
  African Am music of the South, became highly
  popular during the 1920s.

Jazz became so strongly linked to the culture
that the decade came to be known as the Jazz Age.
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African Americans

• Marcus Garvey (Jamaican) favored racial
  segregation b/c of Black superiority
• Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
• Gov't charged him with w/fraud found guilty
• Deported to Jamaica, but his organization
  continued to exist

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Prohibition

• 18th Amendment took effect on January 16, 1920,
  made the manufacture, sale, and transport of
  liquor, beer, and wine illegal.

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• Many Americans turned to bootleggers - suppliers
  of illegal alcohol.

Speakeasies illegal, underground
bars Bootleggers expanded their business into
other illegal areas
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Organized Crime

• The profit from selling illegal liquor helped
  lead to the rise of organized crime.
• As rival groups fought for control in cities,
  gang wars murders became common.

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Homicide Rate dramatically rises, then peaks in
1933 the year prohibition ends!
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• One of the most notorious criminals of this time
  was Al Scarface Capone, a gangster who rose to
  the top of Chicagos organized crime network.

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Issues of Religion

• Fundamentalism supported traditional Christian
  ideas and argued for a literal interpretation of
  the Bible.
• Worked to pass laws against teaching the theory
  of evolution in public schools.

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• A science teacher named John T. Scopes agreed to
  challenge such a law in Tennessee. His arrest
  led to what was called the Scopes trial.

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1920s Fads

• Motion Pictures promoted common values
  created trends
• 1st sound film 1927

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1920s Fads

• Radio unified the nation, featured news,
  sports, ads, soaps, other shows
• Helped to unify the nation
• National Broadcasting Co. - 1st
  national network

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