A journey from OPAC to Library 2.0: content management through FOSS

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A journey from OPAC to Library 2.0 content
management through FOSS

• Dr. Sudip Ranjan Hatua
• Assisstant Professor
• Department of Library and Information Science
• Rabindra Bharati University

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Conceptual changes
Staff
User (Tech Savvy)
Skilled Staff
ICT
Document
User
Information / Documents
Traditional Library
Modern Library
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Characteristics of the changes

• Printed documents (books, journals etc.) are now
  available in online digital form
• Manual housekeeping and library management
  functions switch over to automated mechanism
• User seeking is moved from document to
  information
• User prefers access then lending
• Service on demand converted to service in
  anticipation
• Library driven activities move towards users
  driven approach
• Collection development change to knowledge
  management

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Change in Services

• Card Catalogue ? OPAC ? WebOPAC? Interactive
  Catalogue (social catalogue)
• Manual Circulation ? Automatic Circulation
• Reservation Alert by post ? by email or
  automatically through OPAC
• Document Delivery Service by post ? by e-mail
• Inter library loan ? Resource sharing
• CAS through notice board, manual circulation ?
  through online, email, e-bulletin board.

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New Services

• Subscribing and providing access to online
  digital resources
• Access to full text or bibliographic database
  services
• Building Social Cataloguing
• Access to ETD (electronic thesis and
  dissertation)
• Access to Institutional Repository
• Online Reference Services
• Overdue notice through automatically generated
  email
• Announcement of activities or alert services
  through web or online bulletin board
• Providing Blog, Forum, ListServe, Usenet, for
  social networking and communication

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Change in user seeking

• Users are well aware of the latest technological
  development
• Need become very specific but complex
• Require information very quickly in readily
  usable format
• Need to get more support in searching databases
• Want to access online resources
• Want to be informed about the information sources
  available in the internet which might be useful
  to their user

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Journey a selected Landmark

• 1945 Vannevar Bushs Memex Machine
• 1960's cataloguing became automated due to the
  development of MARC
• The first large-scale online catalogs were
  developed at Ohio State University in 1975 and
  the Dallas Public Library in 1978
• 1961 SDI introduced by H P Lune. But without
  use of computer and network this service is stuck
  up.

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a selected Landmarkcontd.

• 1970-80s - OPAC (WorldCat holds over 289 million
  records from 72,000 libraries biggest OPAC)
• Development and distribution of CDS/ISIS of
  UNESCO during 1985 brought a remarkable change in
  the library housekeeping operation
• 1980-early 90s -Full text databases (ADONIS,
  IEEE / IEE Electronic Library (IEL), ABI/INFORM,
  UMIs Business Express and Library General
  Periodicals, Espace World, US Patents, etc.)

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a selected Landmarkcontd.

• 1990s-Subject Gateway information gateway-
  (Pinakes to www virtual libraries)
• ROADS (Resource Organization And Discovery in
  Subject-based services) project in 1996
• RDN (Resource Discovery Network )-1999
• BUBL -provides more than 12000 internet resources
  from 90 selected journals
• Australian literature gateway introduced in
  2006 (provides authoritative information on over
  782383 works of creative and critical Australian
  literature

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a selected Landmarkcontd.

• Open source movement, Open Archive initiatives,
  Metadata Harvesting
• Web2.0, Lib2, Semantic Web

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Technology that empowers users

• OPAC
• Automation
• Library Network
• Library Management Software
• Library portal
• Library Consortia (INDEST, UGC-Infonet)
• Subject Gateways
• Institutional Repository
• Web 2.0 (RSS, Folksonomy, blog, wiki, social
  networking)
• Library 2.0

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IT empowered users

• Resource Sharing instead of ILL
• Traditional Model Discover? Locate?
  Request? Deliver
• Todays Model Find ? Get
• New Web Model Get It

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"Library 2.0- empowers users librarians

• It is user-centered- Users participate in the
  creation of the content and services they view
  within the library's web-presence, OPAC, etc.
• It provides a multi-media experience- Both the
  collections and services of Library 2.0 contain
  video and audio components.
• It is socially rich- The library's web-presence
  includes users' presences. There are ways for
  users to communicate with one another and with
  librarians.
• It is communally innovative- It probably the best
  practice on the foundation of libraries as a
  community service. It seeks to continually change
  its services, to find new ways to allow
  communities, not just individuals to seek, find,
  and utilize information.

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Library 2.0-Improving collaboration requires
cultural change
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Library 2.0A personal change
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Internet as source of Information

• Growing exponentially - 7.3 million unique
  pages/day
• print, film, magnetic storage and optical storage
  media produced about 5 exabytes of new
  information --study produced by the school of
  Information Management and Systems at the
  University of California
• population research bureau study-Web contains 170
  terabytes of information on its surface
• The coverage of the largest search engines, have
  indexed not more than about 16 of the Web

Information contained in 37,000 new libraries
the size of the LC book collection
( 17 times volume of LC print collection)
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Statistics- Spring 2011 By Paul Gil, About.com
Guide-February 2012

• Google.com indexes 26.5 billion public web pages.
  
• 92 billion static web pages are
  publicly-available.
• 9.5 billion static pages are hidden from the
  public. As private intranet content, these are
  the corporate pages that are only open to
  employees of specific companies.
• 300 billion database-driven pages are completely
  invisible to Google.
• So if Google only catalogs 8 of the World Wide
  Web, and other search engines catalog even less,
  then where is the remaining 92of web content
  hidden?

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Deep Web

• Web is currently 400 to 550 times larger than the
  commonly defined World Wide Web
• The Deep Web contains 7,500 terabytes of
  information compared to nineteen terabytes of
  information in the surface Web
• The Deep Web contains nearly 550 billion
  individual documents compared to the one billion
  of the surface Web
• More than 200,000 Deep Web sites presently exist.

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Deep Webcontd.

• Sixty of the largest Deep Web sites collectively
  contain about 750 terabytes of information
  sufficient by themselves to exceed the size of
  the surface Web forty times
• Total quality content of the Deep Web is 1,000 to
  2,000 times greater than that of the surface Web.
  
• More than half of the Deep Web content resides in
  topic-specific databases.
• 95 of the Deep Web is publicly accessible
  information - not subject to fees or
  subscriptions

Eric Schmidt, the CEO of Google, the worlds
largest index of the Internet, estimated Google
has indexed roughly 200 terabytes of that, or
.004 of the total size.
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WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICSJune 30, 2012 WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICSJune 30, 2012 WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICSJune 30, 2012 WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICSJune 30, 2012 WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICSJune 30, 2012 WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICSJune 30, 2012 WORLD INTERNET USAGE AND POPULATION STATISTICSJune 30, 2012
World Regions Population( 2012 Est.) Internet UsersDec. 31, 2000 Internet UsersLatest Data Penetration( Population) Growth2000-2012 Users of Table
Africa 1,073,380,925 4,514,400 167,335,676 15.6 3,606.7 7.0
Asia 3,922,066,987 114,304,000 1,076,681,059 27.5 841.9 44.8
Europe 820,918,446 105,096,093 518,512,109 63.2 393.4 21.5
Middle East 223,608,203 3,284,800 90,000,455 40.2 2,639.9 3.7
North America 348,280,154 108,096,800 273,785,413 78.6 153.3 11.4
Latin America / Caribbean 593,688,638 18,068,919 254,915,745 42.9 1,310.8 10.6
Oceania / Australia 35,903,569 7,620,480 24,287,919 67.6 218.7 1.0
WORLD TOTAL 7,017,846,922 360,985,492 2,405,518,376 34.3 566.4 100.0
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As a result

• Librarian as well as commercial publishers using
  Internet as multi-purpose device.
• Links for Chemists, an index to over 8,000
  Chemistry-related Websites, is a cooperative
  example of a broad subject index that includes
  subsection contributions from different editors.
• Invisible Web, a database of over 10,000
  specialized online search tools
• Argus Clearinghouse, Virtual Reference Desk
  Abstract-
• a selective index of quality Internet subject
  catalogs.

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As a result

• The largest catalog databases, the Online
  Computer Library Center's "WorldCat" database
  contains over 289 million records from 72000
  libraries in 172 countries world wide
• A large number of libraries are now undertaking
  the task of building Subject Gateways .
• While talking about subject gateways, it is
  Pinakez which provides access to Internet
  resources, by linking to the major subject
  gateways. Includes links to resources on art,
  chemistry, libraries, education, and other
  topics.

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As a result

• Librarians' Internet Index started working since
  1994 It is a searchable, annotated subject
  directory of Internet resources selected and
  evaluated by librarians for their usefulness to
  users. The site features an extensive directory
  of clickable subject topics.
• During 1995 subject specific web sites of
  scholarly relevance has increased considerably.

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As a result

• SOSIG (Social Science Information Gateway) has
  been found as the first subject gateway to be set
  up in the UK developed in 1994
• National Library of Australia web site developed
  in 1995, provides a source of selected, high
  quality Australian, national and subject related
  Internet resources.

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As a result

• Voice of the Shuttle, developed by the University
  of California, in 1995, to provide a structured
  and briefly annotated guide to online resources
  in the humanities and associated disciplines.
• The Web edition, Current Content Connection, that
  came into picture during 1999
• At the same time the SCI (Science Citation Index)
  Web edition introduced as a source for a variety
  of research data including author abstracts,
  author addresses, and more information per
  bibliographic record than in other resources

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As a result

• Renardus- an integrated search and browse
  utility, to find Internet resources selected
  according to quality criteria and carefully
  described by Subject Gateways from several
  European countries. It utilizes DDC system as the
  organization structure for its integrated
  interface was developed 2001.
• DESIREs Information Gateways Handbook helps to
  all individuals and institutions trying to build
  gateways of their own.

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As a result

• UK-based interactive information service began
  full operations in early 2000 by BUBL information
  service, which provides links to over 12,000
  Internet resources in a wide range of subject
  areas. It also provides abstracts and selected
  full text from over 89 journals.
• In 2002, WebLaw, a cooperative subject gateway to
  Internet resources for Australian legal
  researchers has come into picture.

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As a result

• Australian literature gateway developed in 2006,
  provides authoritative information on over 782383
  works of creative and critical Australian
  literature - published in a range of print and
  electronic sources - relating to more than 65,000
  Australian authors and literary organizations,
  from 1780 to the present day.
• Open Archive Initiatives Metadata Harvesting is
  now world wide trends.
• GreenStone, DSpace, Eprint is the present time
  application
• Semantic Web is the recent research trend and
  future

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Lesson

• We have to swim with world trends.
• Need to provide information, full text digital
  document.
• Cant survive only by providing conventional
  library services
• Face the threat of Cyber-café and provide value
  added Internet Services- responsibility of a
  librarian.
• Develop own skill of handling technology

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Lesson

• Develop own way of providing new services when
  budget will not permit to depends commercial
  means.
• Provide value added services like blog, facebook,
  bulletin board, news feed, FAQ, scholarly forum
  etc. which will attract Gen-X users.
• Empowers users by providing ICT enabled
  information and services

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Proposed system

• An Integrated system may consider-
• Integrated in the sense of combination of subject
  content management, digital repository,
  harvesters and news feed, blog, bulletin board
  and related components of system for
  corresponding resources in the field of any
  subject.

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Proposed Content Management System
Used FOSS
Content Management
Metadata Harvester

• Linux OS
• Apache/Tomcat
• JDK
• PHP
• MySql
• PgSQL
• DSpace
• PKP
• Joomla/Drupal

Digital Archives
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Conclusion

• Libraries House Keeping Operations conventional
  services are almost saturated
• ICT can help us to do all these things in a new
  mode and formation- a true save the time of the
  reader
• There are fixed number of users who always prefer
  print version.
• Libraries can provide better solution for
  Internet Sources of Information
• Application of Web 2 is not really a big task
  for us
• Users can find better results through this model
  than Google!!

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Conclusion

• Free means Freedom not free of cost
• Free/Commercial? Choice depends on your
  confidence and attitude
• ICT empowers users as well as todays SMART
  LIBRARIAN to find his required information/documen
  t just in time, no mater where it available.

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Conclusion

• But doing all these thing can a librarian compete
  with google and facebook?
• Is it not better to concentrate more on library
  as true library as it survive years after year?
• WHAT IS YOUR OPINION????

Thank You