Atoms

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Atoms Life SubstancesSection 6.1 6.3
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Biology 10/22/13
Mrs. Turgeon

• Our lives are not determined by what happens to
  us but how we react to what happens, not by what
  life brings us but the attitude we bring to
  life.- Wade Boggs
• DO NOW
• In your notes Describe one difference and one
  similarity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

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Biology 10/22/13 Mrs.
Turgeon

• AGENDA
• 1. Understand the basic structure of biomolecules
  by taking notes and using the text book.
• REMINDERS
• 1. Science Club meeting is today! After school,
  room 312
• 2. Extra Credit opportunity! We need science fair
  judges!

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Atoms Life Substances

• You need one textbook for every two students.
• You will be taking notes from the screen and
  using your textbook

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Atomic Structure

• Nucleus center of an atom, contains protons (p
  positively charged) and neutrons (nº neutral)
• Electrons (e) are negatively charged particles
  that surround the nucleus
• Atoms are neutral because they contain equal
  numbers of protons and electrons

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Atomic Structure (p.142)

• Use your textbook to answer the following
  question. Write the answer in your notes. Be
  ready to share your answers.
• Look at table 6.1. Which 2 elements are the most
  abundant in the human body?

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Atomic Structure(p. 142)

• Element Symbol by mass in human
  body
• Oxygen O 65.0
• Carbon C 18.5
• Hydrogen H 9.5
• Nitrogen N 3.3

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Life Substances (p. 158)

• Use your textbook to answer the following
  question. Write the answer in your notes. Be
  ready to share your answers.
• 1. What is a polymer?

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• Organic Compounds contain carbon, all
  biomolecules are organic
• Monomer a building block, smaller subunits
• Polymer made up of lots of monomer subunits

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Biomolecules

• These are the molecules required by living things
• 1. Carbohydrates
• 2. Lipids (fats)
• 3. Proteins
• 4. Nucleic Acids
• (There are other types of molecules too!!!)

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CARBOHYDRATES (p.158)

• Source of energy
• Structural materials
• Monosaccharides Polysaccharides

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Monosaccharide Carbs

• Theyre Monomers
• Glucose main source of energy for cells,
  diabetics need to monitor glucose levels

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Polysaccharide Carbs

• Polysaccharide 3 or more monosaccharides
• Glycogen how animals store glucose
• Starch how plants store glucose
• Cellulose polysaccharide, provides plants with
  structure

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The structure of carbohydarates(p. 159)

• Use your textbook to answer the following
  question. Write the answer in your notes. Be
  ready to share your answers.
• 1. Look at figure 6.19. What are some
  similarities and differences between these
  polysaccharides?

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2. LIPIDS (p. 160)

• Insoluble Dont dissolve in water
• Best for storing energy
• Insulation, protective coverings
• Major part of cell membranes

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Saturated Unsaturated Fats

• Saturated Fat found in butter, red meat (solid
  at room temperature), saturated with hydrogen
• Unsaturated Fat vegetable fats (liquid at room
  temperature)

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Phospholipids

• Cell membranes made up of two layers of
  phospholipids, forms a barrier
• Keeps things that are supposed to be out, out of
  the cell
• Keeps things that are supposed to be in, in the
  cell
• 2 fatty acids attached to glycerol, and a
  phosphate group

Phosphate
Lipids
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3. PROTEINS (p. 161)

• Hair, horns, nails, skin, muscle
• Act as biological catalysts (enyzmes) which help
  to kick start reactions in the body

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3. PROTEINS (p.161)

• Use your textbook to answer the following
  question. Write the answer in your notes. Be
  ready to share your answers.
• 1. What are the basic building blocks of proteins?

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Amino Acids

• Protein monomer
• 20 different amino acids
• Peptide Bond connects amino acids
• http//www.biotopics.co.uk/as/aminocon.html
• Polypeptide long chain of amino acids

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Enzymes

• Enzymes change the rate of reactions in the body
• Help cells reproduce, digest food, get rid of
  waste, make new biomolecules
• Active Site a section of the enzyme shaped to
  fit a specific substrate
• Substrate something thats being broken apart
  or made (catalyzed)
• http//www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanamaker/animati
  ons/Enzyme20activity.html
• http//highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/s
  tudent_view0/chapter2/animation__how_enzymes_work.
  html

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4. NUCLEIC ACIDS(p. 163)

• Use your textbook to answer the following
  question. Write the answer in your notes. Be
  ready to share your answers.
• 1. What do nucleic acids store?

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4. NUCLEIC ACIDS(p. 163)

• Store and transfer information in the cell
• Nucleotide monomer of nucleic acids
• 2 kinds of nucleic acid polymers
• DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
• RNA ribonucleic acid

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Practice

• What percent of your body is made of water?
• Explain why a cell needs a structure that helps
  it maintain water levels inside? What could
  happen to the cell if this structure wasnt
  working properly?

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Other types of LIPIDS besides fats

• Wax
• Structural
• Makes a coat on plants for water proofing
• Steroids
• Hormones that cause physical changes in the body