Welcome to Electronic Commerce

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?????? Franchise Corporate management
LecturerJui-Lin Wang Department of Industry
Management ,Hsiuping Institute of Technology ,
Taiwan Personal Web Site http//163.17.73.79
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Subject Franchise Corporate management

? Franchise Corporate management ( franchisee
chain vs ripple locket vs necklet series -
ridge) market share vs competitveness
(cost-efficiency) ?
Corporate (canal) (company-store Ltd Pte
enterprise- speciality operation) ? management
(Philosophy-history vs Technology-E)
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Classification of Retailing

• EC Retail Rank Germany France U.K. Netherlands
  Belgium
• U.S. Retail Rank Illinois(1158) Ohio(1084)
  Idaho(99) Califonia
• Jp Retail Rank Rice Fish Convenience
• 1.Department Store 1964 ? ???? ???? (??)
• 2.Speciality Store 1969 ?Walt-mart Store lt
  K-mart -Variety store franchise
  ?????-DC-DIY (Home Depot) 3.Convenient Store
  1979 ? 7-11 ( ? ? ? ? ) ???? (1999/4/28)
• 4.Supermarket
• 5.Discount store 1962 K-mart
• 6.Club Store 1984-87 ? Sams Club Cash and
  carry ??
• 7.Hypermarket Hypermarket ?? ????
• 8.Supercenter Carrefour-10.Kroger(supermarket)
  ???? (?? ?? ??)
• 9.Shopping Mall Hypermarket ?? ????

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2.2?Definition

• Shopping Mall Core Pacific
• Supercenter (1990 ?) Geant 23.Home-depot
  45.Costco
• Hypermrket (1987 ) 2.Wal-mart Carrefour
• Wholesale Club Store (1984) Macro
• Discount Store (1962) 36.K-mart
• Convenient Store -CVS
• Supermarket 10.Kroger 21.Safeway
• Department Store 29.Sears 43.Jc-penny

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Status of Global Enterprise 2001

• America ( 5?) Japan ( 2?) UK ( 2?) Germany
  ( 1?)
• GDP(80) USA gt JP gt EC (3.51.53 ) 8/55
  ?? (20)
• Economic Rate Unemployment
  Japan(-0.9)Germany(0.7)USA(1.1)UK(2.3)/2001
• Top 50 America ( 16?) Japan ( 16?) Germany (
  6?) Fr ( 4?)
• UK ( 3?) Switzerland Italy( 2?)
  Netherlands Venezuela ( 1?)
• Petroleum Stores Motors group NTT IBM
• 1.Exxon 2.Wal-mart 3.G.Motors
  12.Citigroup
• America Retail Rank (2001)
• 2.Wal-mart 10.Kroger(supermarket)
  23.Homo-depot (diy) 29.Sears 36.K-mart 37.
  Target 46. Safeway (supermarket)
• EC Retail Rank Germany France
• 1964 ? ???? ???? (??)
• 1969 ? Walt-mart Store lt K-mart - ?????
• 1984-87 ? Sams Club Hypermarket ?? ????
• 1999 ? 7-11 ( ? ? ? ? ) ???? (1999/4/28)
• 2002? WTO - 10.Kroger(supermarket) ???? (?? ??
  ??)

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Status of U.S.A Enterprise

• Petroleum Stores Motors group NTT IBM
• 1.Exxon 3D-Integration (Science Institute)
  
• 2.Wal-mart Network-Distribution
  Center(Localization)
• 3.General Motors Differentiation
  Globalization 3C
• 4.Ford Motors Automation Globalization
  3C
• 12.Citigroup Holding Insurance Invest.
  (enterprise)
• America Retail Rank (2001)
• 2.Wal-mart
• 10.Kroger(supermarket)
• 23.Homo-depot (diy)
• 29.Sears 36.K-mart 37. Target 46. Safeway
  (supermarket)
• EC Retail Rank Germany France

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Status of EC Enterprise

• Petroleum Motors group Stores NTT IBM
• 5.Daimler-Chrysler Differentiation
  Globalization 3C
• 6.Royal Dutch/Shell Group 3D-Integration
  (Science Institute)
• 7.BP 3D-Integration (Science Institute)
• 24.ING Group Holding Insurance Invest.
  (enterprise)
• 37.Carrefour Network-Distribution
  Center(Localization)
• America Retail Rank (2001)
• 2.Wal-mart
• 10.Kroger(supermarket)
• 23.Homo-depot (diy)
• 29.Sears 36.K-mart 37. Target 46. Safeway
  (supermarket)
• EC Retail Rank Germany France

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Status of Japan Enterprise

• Stores Motors group
• 9.Mitubishi ?? 1.???? 3.?? 5.NTT??
  10.??(??)
• ????? NEC
  .Giga??(???? ????)
  
• 10.Toyota Motor ?? 2.?? 7.?? 8.Hitachi
  Toshiba (??)
• ???.????? .
  ?????? . Yamaha.canon
• 13.Itochu ?? 4.????????(????) 6.?? ( ?? ??)
• ???.??? ?? ??
• America Retail Rank (2001)
• 2.Wal-mart
• 10.Kroger(supermarket)
• 23.Homo-depot (diy)
• 29.Sears 36.K-mart 37. Target 46. Safeway
  (supermarket)
• EC Retail Rank Germany France

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Business-to-Business Channel (1997)

• 1. Wal-Mart (2561 units)Club Supercenter
• 3. K-mart (4000 units)DIY Specialty
• 4. Sears , Roebuck (1940 units)Insurance
  Discover Card
• 6. ?? Dai-ei (7171 units)Supermarket
• 7. ?? Ito Yokado (11976 units)Convenience (13775
  units) JAPAN8027 USA5223 TAWAN2247
  Thailand1324 Califonia1173 (1999/4/28)
• 9. Carrefours (975 units)Intermarchs

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Franchise Corp. Strategics

• 1. Transportation Factor (materials)
• I. Northeast(US.Jap) Chemical
  Electronic Product
• II. Southeast (Au.Chile) Industrial
  Agricultural Petroleum Product
• III. Southwest (Sg.Hg) Machine
  Agricultural Financial Product
• IV. Northwest (Ru.Ch) Petroleum Textile
  Product
• 2. Financial Industrial Petroleum
  1.??2.????3.??
• - ?? ??.??.???? ???
  
• 3. Industrial Petroleum 4.?????????14.??27
  .??
• - ??? ???.???.??? ??.??.????
• 4. Petroleum -gt biochemistry 5.??6.?? ??
  ?? 87.??
• - ??7-11 (Thailand)Carrefours (II.
  Southeast III. Southwest )
• - Ford (?? ?? ??? ???) HP
  (IC-????) ATT

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Singapore Corp. Strategics

• 1. Financial Industrial Petroleum Asia No.3
• - DBS (Development Bank of Singapore)
  87/6 POSBank (ATM)
• 2. Industrial Petroleum SingTel ( EC Hub)
• - SingTel Belgium Philippines
• 3. Petroleum -gt biochemistry
• - Raffle Hotel (Tourism)
• - Sing Airlines (Communication)
• - University (Regional Practice Asia
  Pacific)

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Netherland Corp. Strategics

• 1. Financial Industrial Petroleum Global
  No.6
• - 6.Royal Dutch/Shell U.K
  Japan.Russia.China
• - 24.ING Group ?? ???holdings ????
  Credit Suisse
• 2. Industrial Petroleum
• - 34.Philip Morris ??? IC PC
• 3. Petroleum -gt biochemistry
• - 72.Unilever(?/?/?) gt 75. Metro
  (EC-????)
• - 59.Nestle (??) gt NO.68 Sino-pec
• - University (Practice Global Commercial
  )

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Franchise Corp. Strategics

• ?? Dai-ei (7171 units)Supermarket
• 7. ?? Ito Yokado (11976 units)Convenience (13775
  units) JAPAN8027 USA5223 TAWAN2247
  Thailand1324 Califonia1173 (1999/4/28)
• 9. Carrefours (975 units)Promodes

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An Empirical Study in Franchise Corporate
management

• 1. Model (Analyzing and explaining the relation
  of marketing ethics behavior factor and marketing
  ethics )
• ? Strategies purpose (to unveil the
  possible disparities of Marketing ethical beliefs
  among Wholesale-Market industry Information
  marketing professionals.)
• 2. Institute (identifies the related marketing
  ethics factors in the reliability and validity
  view of the attitude scale) ? Tactics range (to
  exercise better practices of Wholesale-Market
  marketing managers and market sales information
  publisher , avoid future marketing information
  service function cognitive dissonance, and
  detract the Price-Margin for product and sale
  market service providers discriminations)
• 3. A Cross-Market Comparison Relationship
  between product and sale market

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Franchise Corporate management

• Content
• 1?Preface
  p1
• 1.1?Definition Concept
• 2?Theory Literature review (abstraction
  .sentiment) p2
• 3?Conceptual framework hypothesized relationships
  p4
• 4?Resaerch Methodology
  p5
• 5?Analysis and Results
  p7
• 6?Discussion - Findings
  p8
• 7?Conclusions and Implications
  p11
• 8?Limitation (Suggestions for further research)
  P 13
• 9?References(Acknowledgments)
  p13

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Preface

• NO.6 Taiwan CVS Giant 7-11
• NO.43
  Family-mart
• NO.21 TW Department Giant- Shin kong
  Mitsukoshi Dep.
• NO.25
  Pacific SOGO Dep.
• NO.36
  Far Eastern Dep.
• NO.44 TW Distribution Giant- Retail Support
  International
• NO.47 TW Supercenter Giant Makro Taiwan Ltd
• NO. 49
  Far Eastern Geant Dep
• NO.48 TW Restaurant Giant McDonalds Taiwan
  Ltd

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2?Theory Literature review

• 2.1 Models of Marketing ( p.20 Retail Mix)
• Product -gt Dep. (Sears) vs Shopping mall
• Price -gt Discount Store (K-mart) vs EC
• Place -gt D.C (Wal-mart) vs globalization
• Promotion -gt DIY (Homo-depot) vs
  Plug-in-one(EC)
• 2.2 ?Marketing information Professionals
• POS -gt EDI -gtVAN -gt CRM
• 2.3?Potential Differences Among Marketing
  Professionals
• Case study hands-on exercise

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2.2?Definition

• Shopping Mall Core Pacific
• Supercenter (1990 ?) Geant 23.Home-depot
  45.Costco
• Hypermrket (1987 ) 2.Wal-mart Carrefour
• Wholesale Club Store (1984) Macro
• Discount Store (1962) 36.K-mart
• Convenient Store -CVS
• Supermarket 10.Kroger 21.Safeway
• Department Store 29.Sears 43.Jc-penny

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2.3?The classification of chain store (kind.style)

• RC (Regular Chain) p.314
• FC ( Franchise Chain )
• BF-FC ( Business Format )
• PT-FC ( Product Tradename )
• VC (Voluntry Chain)
• VC Wholesale initiation
• CC Corporate Chain - Retail initiation

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2.4? The classification of market forecast

• 1 General economic Chonko and Burnett (1983)
  examined the factors that caused.

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2.3?Potential Differences in the Ethical Beliefs
Among Marketing Professionals

• Of the factors that contribute to the
  differences, organization climate has been
  suggested as the most important, influential
  variable (Hunt and Vitell 1992 Lu, Rose, and
  Blodgett 1999).
• Hunt and Vitell (1986 1992), organization bears
  a direct effect on how an individual perceives
  ethical problems, alternatives, and consequences.
• In other words, organization not only influences
  the service attitude, but also impacts what is
  perceived as right/wrong, acceptable/unacceptable
  service behavior, and ethical/unethical (Hunt and
  Vitell 1992 Lu 1997 Lu, Rose, and Blodgett
  1999).
• For example, marketing professionals with
  different organization backgrounds may view the
  following terms dramatically differently, such as
  bribes, selfish, profit orientation, individual
  espionage, and communitarianism beliefs.
• H2 Organization contributes to the differences
  in the ethical beliefs among marketing
  Professionals.

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3?Conceptual framework hypothesized relationships

• The conceptual framework of this study is drawn
  from two streams of research Models of Marketing
  information Ethics and Ethics of Marketing
  information Professionals theory.
• 3.1.1?hypotheses
• H1. Sales managers are more likely to perceive an
  ethical problem than their subordinates.
• H2. marketing manager vs market sales information
  publisher

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3.2?Research variable

• A five-point Likert scale was used as the
  response format for these 24 impact items with
  assigned values ranging from 1 "strongly disagree
  to 5 "strongly agree. Total channel members
  satisfaction impact, one of the dependent
  variables , contained two indicators (1) overall
  impact of channel members satisfaction to channel
  member marketing enviroment (1 "very negative, 5
  "very positive) (2) overall impact of channel
  members satisfaction to macro marketing
  enviroment (1 "strongly disagree, 5 "strongly
  agree) (Table 1).
• Support for channel members satisfaction
  measurement , the ultimate dependent variable, is
  measured by four indicators adapted from Gaski
  (1985) (1).use Intensity of channel coercive
  power source (2).use Intensity of channel
  non-coercive power source (3). channel power
  activities (4).channel conflict activities (Table
  1).

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4?Research Methodology

• 4.1?Data?measure Chracteristics, and survey
  instrument
• 1. The weakness of these questionnaire
  measurement approach
• 2. When employed with multiple relationships
  among latent constructs and a measurement model,
  it is then termed structuring equation modeling.
• 4.2?Reliability and Validity of the Scales
• 1. Reliability is an assessment of the degree of
  consistency (stability)(trustworthiness)between
  multiple measurements of a variable.Internal
  Consistency(Internal Homogeneity)applies to the
  consistency among the variables in a summated
  scale
• 2.Validity is the extent to which a scale or set
  of measures accurately represents the concept of
  interest.(accuracy)
• 4.3?Estimating and assessing overall model fit
• 1. Stepwise estimation (linearity
  homoscedasticity)
• 2. Identifying outliers as influential
  observation
• 3.Measuring the degree and impact of
  Multicollinearity
• 4.Validating the model results ltSAS 6.06 (79/5)
  6.12 (85/6) 8.0 (88/11)gt

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4.1 Data?measure Chracteristics, and survey
instrument

• The Taiwan AMIS (Agricultural Market Information
  Ststem) Network is the setting for the empirical
  study.
• A number of measures will be taken from Lu, Rose
  (1999).
• Questions (self-report?performance of object
  tasks) on AMIS social marketing data are
  considered threatening by managers and
  information publishers of AMIS individual
  wholesale market cooperation ,especially in poor
  country where the practice of modernization
  social marketing is still in an early stage.
• All measures will be collected through personal
  interviews. The interview guide is pretested with
  three kinds of wholesale market
• All use of such items is constrained, however, by
  the time required to complete the personal
  interviews.

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4.2 Research variable

• These impact items mirrored the works by
  Lu,Rose,Blodgett 1999 and Lu 1997 . A Seven-point
  scale was used as the response format for these
  54 impact items with assigned values ranging from
  1 "strongly disagree to 7 "strongly agree.
• The Hunt-Vitell (HV) Theory of marketing ethics
  draws on deontological and teleological moral
  philosophy to explain why people in organization
  have radically different views on the ethicality
  of marketing activities, as well as explain
  ethical/unethical behavior.
• In short, Support for marketing ethics
  measurement, the ultimate dependent variable, is
  measured by four coefficients adapted from H-V
  model (1986,1992) (1).use Intensity of
  Deontological Evaluation (2).use Intensity of
  Teleological Evaluation (3). Ethical Judgments
  (4).Intentions activities (NoteFigure 1).

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4.4 Hypotheses Testing

• Since hypothesis one is to test the possible
  differences between two groups (marketing
  managers vs. market sales information publisher),
  a number of t-tests will be conducted to test for
  the differences.
• Hypothesis two tries to determine the variations
  in ethical beliefs across different market.
  Several stepwise regressions will be conducted.
• In addition, to test for the differences across
  the marketing information system organization of
  the major three different wholesale-market, ANOVA
  will be conducted.
• Hunt and Vitells (1986,1992)Scenario instrument
  of Marketing Ethics survey has been successfully
  refined at the marketing organizational level. It
  allows researchers to test for any organizational
  marketing ethics differences.

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5?Analysis and Results

• To test the robustness of the propositions
  developed in the conceptual framework, we used
  the stepwise multiple regression modeling package
  of SAS .
• We performed a path analysis, applying the
  maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) method,
  following the guidelines suggested by Joreskog
  and Sorbom 54, Peter 55, and Teas, Wacker,
  and Hughes 56.
• The relationships corelation statistic of the
  satisfaction cause model was very strong (R2
  0.986) and validity (Cooks distance measure
  lt0.5Max VIF4.19), indicating a very good fit.
  Additionally, the results of the rest measures,
  together with the squared multiple correlations
  indicate that the overall fit of the model to the
  data is quite strong.

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6?Discussion Findings (1)

• This finding is noteworthy since sales managers
  establish, execute, and reinforce a companys
  code of ethics (Chonko and Hunt 1985 Wiley 1998
  Zabid and Alsagoff 1993).
• For the separate data sets, two noteworthy
  results were found.
• First, the dissimilarity of ethical beliefs
  between marketing managers and market sales
  information publisher were both minimal in
  Product market.
• Second, the Product market sales information
  publisher were the least likely to perceive
  ethical problems, while Consumer market sales
  information publisher had about the same level of
  ethical standards.

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7?Conclusions and Implications (1)

• In conclusion, this article has provided an
  analysis of the effects of job positions on
  market sales information publishers ethical
  behaviors. The results indicate a partial support
  for the hypothesis that job positions might have
  an impact on market sales information publishers
  ethical beliefs.
• Generally, Product market sales information
  publisher are less sensitive to ethical problems
  than Consumer market counterparts.
• In particular, the Consumer market marketing
  managers are most ethical among all position
  groups, while Product market sales information
  publisher demonstrate the highest ethical
  standard between these product and sale markets.
  consideration.

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7?Conclusions and Implications (2)

• These findings suggest a possible joint effect of
  market and job position on life insurance
  salespeoples ethical beliefs. Future studies
  examine the effect of job positions on
  individuals ethical behaviors should not exclude
  the possible interactive effect of culture. More
  replications of the study in various professions,
  industries and market are needed.
• Therefore, market managers may be able to design
  better practices of marketing management if the
  disparity of ethical standards between salesmen
  and marketing managers and its joint effect with
  market are taken seriously into consideration.

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Limitations and Acknowledgments

• Measurement of the constructs
• 1. the measurement of the influence intensity of
  the channel power and channel conflict, in
  addition to the use of the channel power source
  (more accurate reflection to track the actual
  interactive commercial behavior)
• 2. the relatively limited set of items (Current
  marketing literature on relationship marketing
  management)
• Ack. The assistance the execution of the channel
  research project the helpful comment