Title: Allison Hayashida
1Culturally Speaking Face, (Im)Politeness and
Rapport by Helen Spencer-Oatey (2008)
- Presented by
- Allison Hayashida
- Nao OGATA
- Kaan Ustun
2Previously on SLS 480U
- Chapter 7 Gender Age
- Chapter 12 Gender, politeness stereotypes
- Linguistic Politeness Japanese Proper Social
Conduct with Tactful Consideration of Others - Chapter 14 Analyzing Discourse
- Who says what to whom when where?
3Today on SLS 480U
- 6 Keypoints
- Interactional Rapport affected by 3 factors
- Rapport management happens in certain situations.
- Speech Act Strategies are really important
- There are different Communication Styles
- The factors influencing use of Rapport Management
Strategies - Main Point Awareness Necessity
4Rapport Management
- Management of face
- Management of social rights obligations
- Management of interactional goals
5Other Domains of Rapport Management
- Different Domains of politeness
- Illocutionary Domain Apologies, Requests,
Compliments - Discourse Domain Topic Choice Management
- Participation Domain Turn Taking,
Inclusion/Exclusion - Stylistic Domain Choice of Tone, Syntax, Lexis,
Honorifics - Non Verbal Gestures, Body movement
63 elements of Speech Acts strategies
- Speech acts Apologies, Requests, Compliments
Illocutionary Domain - Introduction
- Managing Face Managing Sociality
Rights/Obligations - Managing Rapport
- Wording
- Selection of Speech Acts Components
- Degree of Directness Indirectness
- Type Amount of Upgraders Downgraders
- In all languages, every level of language can
play a role in each of the rapport management
domains. -
73 elements of Speech Acts strategies Definitions
- Semantic Components Head Act Conveys the main
illocutionary force of the set of utterances - Directness/Indirectness Degree Variance One
form rather than the other can have a major
impact on social relations - Up graders / Down graders or Force of Speech
- Boosters/ Hedges
- Intensifiers / Down toners
- Maximizers / Minimizers
- (For detailed examples Tables 2.2 2.3 2.4)
8Example of Request
- Do you mind if I ask you a big favor?
- I know you dont like lending your car,
- But I was wondering if I could possibly borrow it
just for an hour or so on Tuesday night - If you are not using it then.
- Preparator
- Disarmer
- Head Act
- Imposition Downgrader
9Example of Directness / Indirectness
- Wash the dishes!
- I want you to wash the dishes.
- How about washing the dishes?
- Can you wash the dishes?
- What a lot of dishes there are!
10Communication Styles
- Associative expressiveness-restraint
- Indirectness-directness
- Self-enhancement self-effacement
11Rapport management strategies
- Three main factors influence people's use of
rapport management strategies - 1. Rapport orientation
- 2. Contextual variables
- 3. Pragmatic principles and conventions
12Rapport management strategies
- Rapport orientation
- Rapport enhance orientation
- Rapport maintenance orientation
- Rapport neglect orientation
- Rapport challenge orientation
13Rapport management strategies
- 2. Contextual variables
- Participants and their relations
- Power
- Distance
- Interrelationship between power and distance
- Number of participants
- Message content cost-benefit considerations
- Social/Interactional roles
- Activity type
14Rapport management strategies
- 3. Pragmatic principles and conventions
- Sociopragmatic principles
- Pragmalinguistic conventions
15Rapport management strategies
- 1. Rapport orientation
- 2. Contextual variables
- 3. Pragmatic principles and conventions
16Rapport management outcomes and across
cultures
- Rapport management outcomes
- Rapport management across cultures
- Rapport management could vary depending on
culture and individual. - Sensitivity and mindfulness is required!
17Discussion Questions Activity
- Role Playing ( 4 groups of 4 )
- Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
- Kelly Julia Yun Shi Lennie
- Birte Mercedes Kento Morgan
- John Matt Jonah Maria
- LeeAnne LunLun Tankia Cori
- Q 1 Is the situation likely to affect
interpersonal rapport? Why? Why not? - Q 2 During this past week, was there an occasion
when someone annoyed or upset you, and you felt
offended or hurt? What did they say or do? -
18References
- Spencer-Oatey, H. (2008). Face, (Im)Politeness
and Rapport. Culturally Speaking.