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Title: Culturally Speaking: Face, (Im)Politeness and Rapport by Helen Spencer-Oatey Author: Gavin Created Date: 8/16/2006 12:00:00 AM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Allison Hayashida


1
Culturally Speaking Face, (Im)Politeness and
Rapport by Helen Spencer-Oatey (2008)
  • Presented by
  • Allison Hayashida
  • Nao OGATA
  • Kaan Ustun

2
Previously on SLS 480U
  • Chapter 7 Gender Age
  • Chapter 12 Gender, politeness stereotypes
  • Linguistic Politeness Japanese Proper Social
    Conduct with Tactful Consideration of Others
  • Chapter 14 Analyzing Discourse
  • Who says what to whom when where?

3
Today on SLS 480U
  • 6 Keypoints
  • Interactional Rapport affected by 3 factors
  • Rapport management happens in certain situations.
  • Speech Act Strategies are really important
  • There are different Communication Styles
  • The factors influencing use of Rapport Management
    Strategies
  • Main Point Awareness Necessity

4
Rapport Management
  • Management of face
  • Management of social rights obligations
  • Management of interactional goals

5
Other Domains of Rapport Management
  • Different Domains of politeness
  • Illocutionary Domain Apologies, Requests,
    Compliments
  • Discourse Domain Topic Choice Management
  • Participation Domain Turn Taking,
    Inclusion/Exclusion
  • Stylistic Domain Choice of Tone, Syntax, Lexis,
    Honorifics
  • Non Verbal Gestures, Body movement

6
3 elements of Speech Acts strategies
  • Speech acts Apologies, Requests, Compliments
    Illocutionary Domain
  • Introduction
  • Managing Face Managing Sociality
    Rights/Obligations
  • Managing Rapport
  • Wording
  • Selection of Speech Acts Components
  • Degree of Directness Indirectness
  • Type Amount of Upgraders Downgraders
  • In all languages, every level of language can
    play a role in each of the rapport management
    domains.

7
3 elements of Speech Acts strategies Definitions
  • Semantic Components Head Act Conveys the main
    illocutionary force of the set of utterances
  • Directness/Indirectness Degree Variance One
    form rather than the other can have a major
    impact on social relations
  • Up graders / Down graders or Force of Speech
  • Boosters/ Hedges
  • Intensifiers / Down toners
  • Maximizers / Minimizers
  • (For detailed examples Tables 2.2 2.3 2.4)

8
Example of Request
  • Do you mind if I ask you a big favor?
  • I know you dont like lending your car,
  • But I was wondering if I could possibly borrow it
    just for an hour or so on Tuesday night
  • If you are not using it then.
  • Preparator
  • Disarmer
  • Head Act
  • Imposition Downgrader

9
Example of Directness / Indirectness
  • Wash the dishes!
  • I want you to wash the dishes.
  • How about washing the dishes?
  • Can you wash the dishes?
  • What a lot of dishes there are!

10
Communication Styles
  • Associative expressiveness-restraint
  • Indirectness-directness
  • Self-enhancement self-effacement

11
Rapport management strategies
  • Three main factors influence people's use of
    rapport management strategies
  • 1. Rapport orientation
  • 2. Contextual variables
  • 3. Pragmatic principles and conventions

12
Rapport management strategies
  • Rapport orientation
  • Rapport enhance orientation
  • Rapport maintenance orientation
  • Rapport neglect orientation
  • Rapport challenge orientation

13
Rapport management strategies
  • 2. Contextual variables
  • Participants and their relations
  • Power
  • Distance
  • Interrelationship between power and distance
  • Number of participants
  • Message content cost-benefit considerations
  • Social/Interactional roles
  • Activity type

14
Rapport management strategies
  • 3. Pragmatic principles and conventions
  • Sociopragmatic principles
  • Pragmalinguistic conventions

15
Rapport management strategies
  • 1. Rapport orientation
  • 2. Contextual variables
  • 3. Pragmatic principles and conventions

16
Rapport management outcomes and across
cultures
  • Rapport management outcomes
  • Rapport management across cultures
  • Rapport management could vary depending on
    culture and individual.
  • Sensitivity and mindfulness is required!

17
Discussion Questions Activity
  • Role Playing ( 4 groups of 4 )
  • Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
  • Kelly Julia Yun Shi Lennie
  • Birte Mercedes Kento Morgan
  • John Matt Jonah Maria
  • LeeAnne LunLun Tankia Cori
  • Q 1 Is the situation likely to affect
    interpersonal rapport? Why? Why not?
  • Q 2 During this past week, was there an occasion
    when someone annoyed or upset you, and you felt
    offended or hurt? What did they say or do?

18
References
  • Spencer-Oatey, H. (2008). Face, (Im)Politeness
    and Rapport. Culturally Speaking.
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