Geography The study of the earth

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GeographyThe study of the earths physical and
human features.

• Six Elements of Geography
• Five Themes of Geography
• Map Skills
• Latitude and Longitude
• Geography Terms

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Six Elements of Geography

• The World in Spatial Terms
• Places and Regions
• Physical Systems
• Human Systems
• Environment and Society
• The Uses of Geography

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The Five Themes of Geography

• Location Where is it?
• Absolute location refers to the exact spot of
  a place on the earths surface.
• Example Levittown, NY 40.725N., 73.514W.
• Relative location tells where a place is,
  compared with one or more places.
• Example Wantagh is directly south of Levittown

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The Five Themes of Geography

• Place What is it like?
• Place describes all of the characteristics
  that give an area its own special quality.
• Examples
• Physical Features Human Characteristics
• mountains language
• waterways religion
• climate architecture

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The Five Themes of Geography

• Human/Environment Interaction What is the
  relationship between people and their
  surroundings?
• People respond to the
• environment in many ways
• in order to meet their
• everyday needs.
• Example clearing away forests to create more
  farmland.

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The Five Themes of Geography

• Movement How do people in one area relate to
  people in other areas?
• Throughout history, people, ideas, goods, and
  information have moved from place to place.
• Example transportation
• (people and goods) and
• communication

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The Five Themes of Geography

• Region What common features bring geographical
  areas together?
• Physical features mountains, rivers
• Human features religion, language

Colorado Mountains Chinatown
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Continents

• Continents large bodies of land
• Seven continents
• Asia, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, Europe,
  North America, South America

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Hemisphere

• Hemisphere means half of sphere
• Geographers divide the earth into four
  hemispheres

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Latitude

• Latitude lines or parallels run east to west
• An imaginary line dividing the world into the
  Northern and Southern hemisphere is called the
  equator 0 degrees Latitude

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Longitude

• Running north to south are longitude lines or
  meridians
• These imaginary lines measure the distance east
  and west of the prime meridian
• 0 degrees longitude

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Cartographer - mapmaker

• Use mathematical formulas to transfer globe
  information onto a flat map.
• A Globe shows land and water forms accurately.
• A globe models the true shape of the of the
  earth- Sphere.

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From Maps to Globes

• Maps
• Mapmakers are called cartographers
• A flat drawing of all or part of the earths
  surface
• Can show small areas in great detail
• Can display political boundaries, population
  densities, or even voting returns
• Not as accurate as a globe, but are easily carried

• Globes
• A round scale model of the earth
• The most accurate way to depict the earth
• Gives true picture of continents sizes, shapes
  of landmasses, and bodies of water
• Accurately represent distance and direction

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Great Circle Route

• An imaginary line that follows the curve of the
  Earth.
• Airplane Pilots use these routes because they are
  the shortest distance.

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Using Maps
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Using Maps
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Different Kinds of Maps

• Political Maps show countries, states, cities,
  boundaries (general purpose map shows a wide
  range of general information)
• Physical Maps show the earths natural features
  (mountains, plains) (general purpose map)
• Elevation Maps use color to show the height of
  land above sea level

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Different Kinds of Maps

• Relief Maps a physical map that shows changes in
  elevation
• Historical Maps show information about the past
  or where past events took place (special purpose
  map or thematic map)
• Distribution maps show how things such as
  language, religion, population, and rainfall are
  distributed throughout an area.
• (special purpose map or thematic map)

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Special Purpose Maps

• Usually shows patterns or themes.
• Example Historical Maps show when and where
  events took place