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Title: South%20America%20Civilizations


1
South America Civilizations
  • Incan Empire

2
Geography of South America
  • The Andes mountains have several impacts on life
    in S. America.
  • Provide large amounts rainfall to the west
    (Westward Side of Mountains).
  • Provide very little rainfall to the east (Leeward
    Side of Mountains.)
  • Provides somewhat defensible barrier.

3
Geography Cont
  • Look at the western portion of South America.
    This region receives very little rainfall.

4
Early South American Civilizations
  • Chavin
  • 900-200 BC
  • Moche
  • 400 BC- 600 AD
  • Nazca
  • 200 BC- 600 AD
  • Nazca Lines

5
Background of the Incas
  • Empire extended along the Pacific coast and
    Andean highlands.
  • Consisted of modern Chile Peru.
  • Inca originated in village of Paqari-tampu, about
    15mi south of Cuzco
  • Official language Quecha

6
The Incan Empire
  • Rapid expansion occurred from the 1400s to
    1500s.
  • Pachacuti- (died 1471) he was the Incan leader
    from 1438 to 1471.
  • With the help of his son, Topa Inca, he extended
    the Incan empire through the use of military
    force and political alliances.
  • See the different stages of expansion under each
    ruler.

7
Incan Government
  • At the height of the empire in the 1500s
  • Had a population of 12 Million People.
  • Common people paid a labor tax, or mita.
  • Women could weave cloth to pay this.
  • Men could work on government owned farms, mines,
    or help build roads.
  • A quipa (set of colored and knotted cords) helped
    keep a system of record keeping. gtgt Cant read or
    translate records.
  • Tax Records
  • Quantities of livestock
  • Censuspopulation data.

8
Incan Government cont
  • Capital City Cuzco (1438)
  • When the Incan conquered new villages they had a
    system of forced resettlement for old local
    leaders, and instead would empower new leaders
    loyal to the Inca Empire.
  • Had a road system but it was only used by
    government officials or military.
  • Private Property was forbidden
  • Citizens taken care of by the empire
  • Crime is almost nonexistent.

9
Incan Economy
  • There were no merchants or markets as we know
    them in the Incan Empire.
  • Government controlled all goods
  • The government would distribute goods to all the
    citizens.
  • Extra food or goods were stored away for times of
    need.

10
Economic Developments
  1. Constructed aquaducts, cities, temples,
    fortresses, short rock tunnels, suspension
    bridges, 2250mi road system
  2. Metal works of alloy, copper, tin, bronze,
    silver, gold
  3. Developed important medical practices- surgery on
    human skull, anesthesia
  4. Resources- corn, potatoes, coffee, grain
  5. Created woven baskets, woodwinds

11
Incan Religion
  • Polytheistic religion
  • Inti-the sun god is the main figure worshipped.
  • People pray to the gods because they were seen to
    control nature.
  • Things offered to the Gods.
  • food, clothing, and drink
  • Rituals included forms of
  • Divination prediction,
  • Sacrifice of humans and animals

12
Incan Society
  • Ayllu was a cooperative community consisting of
    several families.
  • 10 Ayllus needs one chief
  • Classes
  • Upper Class
  • King, Government Officials, Priests
  • Lower Class
  • Farmers, Artisans, Servants
  • No Slaves in Incan Society

13
Incan Achievements
  • Architecture Building
  • Temples, forts, and roads
  • Incans were skilled builders. Even today its
    nearly impossible to slip a knife blade between
    building stones.
  • Arts
  • Metalworking
  • Intricate ornaments of gold and silver.
  • Very few pieces left today because of the Spanish
    Conquistadors.
  • Weaving
  • Different patterns for different levels of
    society. You could tell who was is a certain
    class based on what they wore.

14
Factors of Decline
  • The Inca Empire lasted only about a 100 years.
  • (1532) Spanish Arrival in Peru
  • Internal Conflicts
  • Disease

15
THATS ALL FOLKS!
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