Ordered Sharing

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Ordered Sharing

• Today we did what we had to do. They counted on
  America to be passive. They counted wrong
• Ronald Reagan
• "I must study politics and war that my sons may
  have liberty to study mathematics and
  philosophy.
• John Adams
• You cannot simultaneously prevent and prepare
  for war.
• Albert Einstein
• The purpose of all wars...is peace.  
• Saint Augustine
• Of the four wars in my lifetime, none came about
  because the U.S. was too strong
• Ronald Reagan

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•      Naturally the common people don't want war
  neither in Russia, nor in England, nor in
  America, nor in Germany. That is understood. But
  after all, it is the leaders of the country who
  determine policy, and it is always a simple
  matter to drag the people along, whether it is a
  democracy, or a fascist dictatorship, or a
  parliament, or a communist dictatorship. Voice or
  no voice, the people can always be brought to the
  bidding of the leaders. That is easy. All you
  have to do is to tell them they are being
  attacked, and denounce the pacifists for lack of
  patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It
  works the same in any country.

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America Moves Toward War

• 16.4 Notes

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The United States Musters Its Forces

• The US stayed neutral at the beginning of the war
• Roosevelt wanted the US to revise the Neutrality
  Acts.
• Cash-and-Carry program Permitted nations to
  buy American arms as long as they paid cash and
  carried the goods on their ships.

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The United States Musters Its Forces

• France fell quickly to Germany
• Britain was being bombarded by the German
  Luftwaffe
• Germany, Japan, and Italy signed a treaty making
  themselves the Axis Powers
• US remains neutral, fearing a two ocean war

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The United States Musters Its Forces

• America starts building its military, just in
  case.
• Before the war there were 18 countries with
  stronger militaries than the US
• In 1940, the US initiated a peacetime draft
• 16 Million Men 21-35 years of age
• Roosevelt was elected for a 3rd term
• Promising to keep America out of war

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The Great Arsenal of Democracy

• Roosevelt argued that the US was a weapon for
  Democracy
• In a fireside chat, Roosevelt describing Hitler
  stated, No man can tame a tiger into a kitten by
  stroking it.
• FDR established the Lend-Lease plan. The US
  would lease weapons to any country who defense
  was vital to the US.

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German Wolf Packs

• German Submarines, in groups of 15 to 20
  patrolled the North Atlantic, sinking transport
  ships.
• Sunk ships faster than the British could build
  them
• Roosevelt gave the US Navy permission to protect
  Lend-Lease ships up to Iceland

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Planning for War

• Secretly, Churchill and FDR sign the Atlantic
  Charter.
• Expresses the common purpose of the Allies
• Allies
• US, Great Britain, France, Russia, China
• German U-boats sank 2 US Cargo Ships and 1 US
  Destroyer
• Roosevelt said, America has been attacked, the
  shooting has started. And history has recorded
  who fire the first shot
• US still did not go to war
• 100 American deaths was not enough to convince
  Congress to declare war on Germany.

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Japan

• Japan was an expansionist nation, seeking to
  control all of the Atlantic, including the
  American controlled Philippines and Hawaii / Guam
  islands
• Japan attacked French controlled Indochina
• US retaliated by putting an embargo on Japan
• Oil embargo
• Nov. 5, 1941 Hideki Tojo sent a set of
  ambassadors to negotiate peace with the US. On
  that same day he ordered the Japanese Navy to
  prepare for War with the US
• Dec 6, 1941 Roosevelt intercepted a decoded
  message that was sent to Japanese ambassadors
  saying to reject all American peace proposals.
• Roosevelt told Henry Hopkins, This means war,
  Hopkins said, Its too bad we cant strike first
  and prevent a surprise, Roosevelt replied.
  no, we cant do that . . . We are a democracy of
  peaceful people. We have a good record. We must
  stand on it.

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Attack on Pearl Harbor

• I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping
  giant and fill him with a terrible resolve. -
  Isoroku Yamamoto
• Dec. 7, 1941 A Date which will live in Infamy
• Japan sent 180 warplanes launched from 6 aircraft
  carriers to bomb the US military base of Pearl
  Harbor
• 18 American ships were sunk or badly damaged
• 2,400 people died
• 350 Planes were destroyed
• 1,178 were wounded
• Isolationism was done, it was time for war.

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