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Chapter 17: The U.S. in WWII Section 2: The War for Europe and North Africa

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Title: Chapter 17: The U.S. in WWII Section 2: The War for Europe and North Africa


1
Chapter 17The U.S. in WWIISection 2The War
for Europe and North Africa
2
Standards
  • 11.7 Students analyze America's participation in
    World War II.
  • .2 Explain U.S. and Allied wartime strategy,
    including the major battles of Midway, Normandy,
    Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and the Battle of the Bulge.

3
Objectives
  • Following lecture and reading of this section,
    students will be able to
  • Summarize the Allies plans for winning the war.
  • Identify events in the war in Europe.
  • Describe the liberation of Europe.

4
The U.S. Britain Align
  • War Plans- U.S. Britain join in alliance
  • Churchill convinced FDR to go after Hitler first,
    then Japan
  • Britain still in danger of falling to Hitler
  • We needed them to stay in the war
  • The Battle of the Atlantic
  • Hitler ordered U-boat (submarine) attacks against
    supply ships to Britain
  • Wolf packs destroyed hundreds of ships in 1942
  • Allies organized convoys of cargo ships with
    escort destroyers with sonar planes with radar
  • Construction of Liberty ships (cargo carriers)
    increased

5
Important Reasons for Alliance
  • FDR always considered Hitler to be the 1 threat
  • Hitler pushed for world domination
  • Stalin, and USSR, who were now allies needed help
    from us.
  • We did not want to allow the USSR to fail they
    were keeping Hitler occupied with war
  • The U.S. needed Britain and USSR in order to
    defeat Japan, and for the moment they were busy
    with Hitler.
  • Once Hitler is out those who we are helping would
    help us.

6
The Battle of Stalingrad
  • Hitler wanted to capture Caucasus oil fields and
    destroy Stalingrad
  • Stalingrad was strategically located on the Volga
    R.
  • Germany could choke out most of Russia by
    controlling the flow of supplies on the river
    (Mississippi R.)
  • After a long struggle, the Soviets defeated the
    Germans in bitter winter campaign
  • Deaths
  • Germans 230,000 Soviets1,100,000
  • The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point
  • The Soviet army began to move towards Germany

7
The North African Front
  • Stalin wanted some aid by the other allies
  • Stalin suggested the U.S. Britain invade to
    Germanys west (France) to force Hitler to send
    troops there
  • The U.S. British decided to begin the campaign
    in North Africa
  • Commanded by General Dwight Eisenhower
  • General Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox) led Afrika
    Korps (Nazis) and surrendered in May 1943

8
The Italian Campaign
  • From North Africa, the Allies went northeast
    toward Italy
  • Allies decided to only accept the unconditional
    surrender of the Axis Powers
  • Sicily captured (summer 1943)
  • Mussolini forced to resign
  • Hitler re-installs Mussolini as leader
  • 1944 Allies win Bloody Anzio
  • Germans continue strong resistance

9
Heroes in Combat
  • African Americans
  • Tuskegee Airmen
  • Buffalo Soldiers
  • Highly decorated- lots of medals for heroism
  • Mexican-Americans
  • 17 received congressional medal of honor
  • Japanese-Americans
  • 442nd Regimental Combat Team
  • Most decorated unit in U.S. history

10
D-Day (Page 575)
  • The first day of the Allied invasion of Europe
  • Allies set up phantom army
  • Sent fake radio messages to fool Germans
  • Real attack cam 150 miles away from the fake
    attack
  • Eisenhower directed Allied invasion of Normandy
    on D-Day June 6, 1944
  • Very difficult fighting
  • Germans held the high ground but lost it

11
Huge!
12
2 Fronts in Western Europe
USSR
North Africa
13
Paratroopers
14
Paratroopers
15
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16
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17
WWII, Sept 1944
USSR
France
Italy
North Africa
18
Great Britain
English Channel
France
19
Great Britain
20
Great Britain
English Channel
France
21
Normandy, France
22
World War II Europe, 1942
Axis Powers
Axis Powers
Finland
Allied Powers
Norway
Neutral
Sweden
USSR
Britain
Occupied USSR
Germany
Poland
Occupied France
Vichy France
Italy
Turkey
Syria
North Africa
23
WWII, Early 1943
Axis Powers
Allied Powers
Neutral
North Africa
24
WWII, 1942-1943
Axis Powers
Allied Powers
Neutral
After the Battle of Stalingrad
USSR
Germany
1944
North Africa
25
WWII, July 1943
Axis Powers
Allied Powers
Neutral
USSR
Italy
North Africa
26
Great Britain
English Channel
France
27
Normandy, France
28
WWII, Sept 1944
Axis Powers
Allied Powers
Neutral
D-Day Invasion
USSR
Germany
France
Italy
North Africa
29
Yalta Conference
30
Yalta Conference
31
Harry S. Truman
32
WWII, Sept 1944
Axis Powers
Allied Powers
Neutral
D-Day Invasion
USSR
Germany
France
Italy
North Africa
33
The Allies Gain Ground
  • General Omar Bradley bombed to create gap in
    enemy defense line
  • General George Patton led the Third Army
  • They reached Paris in August
  • Taking back of Paris was a big step
  • The tide of the war had now turned
  • FDR was reelected for his 4th term with running
    mate Harry S. Truman
  • Dont change horses mid-race

34
The Battle of the Bulge
  • October 1944, Allies capture first German town,
    Aachen
  • Hitler had to do something
  • In December, German tank divisions drove 60 miles
    into Allied area
  • Battle of the BulgeGermans pushed back allies
  • Formed a bulge in the allied lines
  • The last German offensive
  • A desperate attempt by Hitler to regain control
    of the war
  • Too many losses to Nazis in this battle to
    continue

35
Liberation of the Death Camps
  • Allies move in on Germany
  • Soviets from the east arrive in Poland and
    liberate concentration camps
  • Soviets found
  • Starving prisoners
  • Corpses
  • Evidence of killing
  • Americans eventually find similar conditions in
    other camps all over Germany

36
Unconditional Surrender
  • April 1945 Soviet army stormed Berlin
  • Hitler committed suicide
  • Shot himself
  • Orders his body burned
  • Eisenhower ( allies) accepted unconditional
    surrender of Germany
  • May 8, 1945, V-E Day
  • Victory in Europe Day
  • FDR died April 12, 1945
  • Vice President Harry S. Truman became president
  • Had to deal with Japan and aftermath of war

37
WWII, 1942
  • Axis Powers
  • Germany
  • Austria
  • Czech
  • Poland
  • Norway
  • Denmark
  • Netherlands
  • Belgium
  • France
  • Finland
  • 1/3 of Russia
  • Romania
  • Italy
  • Albania
  • Greece
  • Yugoslavia
  • Parts of N. Africa
  • Japan
  • Allied Powers
  • Great Britain
  • Egypt
  • Canada
  • Australia
  • India
  • New Zealand
  • South Africa
  • Fiji
  • ¾ of USSR
  • ¾ of China
  • Iran
  • United States
  • Mexico
  • Cuba
  • Haiti
  • Brazil
  • Costa Rica
  • Dominican Republic
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