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The Decline of Feudalism

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Title: The Decline of Feudalism


1
The Decline of Feudalism
2
The Black Death
  • A deadly plague that spread across Europe from
    1346-1352
  • Caused by a form of bacteria
  • Appeared in three forms
  • Pneumonic attacked the lungs
  • Septicemic appeared in bloodstream
  • Bubonic caused buboes on the body

Septicemic
Pneumonic
Bubonic
3
  • How did the Black Death spread throughout Europe?
  • Originated in Mongolia and spread to Black Sea
    along Silk Road
  • Bacteria carried by fleas who lived on black rats
  • Italian merchant ships brought rats to Europe
    along with trade goods
  • First appeared in Sicily and eventually spread
  • Why couldnt people stop the spread of the Black
    Death?
  • People were ignorant about its cause blamed the
    stars, Gods anger, and the Jews
  • Tried ineffective cures such as pomanders,
    flagellation, and repentance of sins
  • How did the Black Death change life in Europe?
  • Killed 1/2 of the population
  • Forced farmers to diversify their crops
  • Peasants revolted and demanded more freedom
  • working class moved to cities to earn better
    wages
  • reduced the power of feudal lords

4
The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
  • How did the war begin?
  • French king Charles IV died in 1328 with no male
    heir
  • 2 men claimed the vacant throne
  • Edward III of England, son-in-law of Charles IV
  • Philip of Valois, nephew of Charles
  • English armies attacked France

5
  • Joan of Arc
  • Young French peasant woman who was inspired by
    God to save France
  • Convinced Charles VII to let her lead an army
    against the English in 1429
  • Helped push the English armies out of Central
    France
  • captured, accused of heresy, burned at the
    stake in 1431 by French cooperating with English
  • sainted in 1922
  • Warfare Changes
  • Longbows eliminated advantages of armor
  • cannons could be used to blast holes in castles
  • monarchs used armies recruited from common people
  • Contribution to the decline of feudalism
  • People became more patriotic devoted to the
    monarch instead of feudal lord
  • Monarchs built huge armies with taxes they
    collected.
  • Armies became paid, professional, permanent

6
The Growth of Towns
  • Trade and Commerce
  • Towns were centers for trade and shipping
  • Luxury goods could be bought in towns
  • Guilds dominated social and civic life of towns
  • Guilds reflected importance of Christianity in
    towns
  • contributed to building of cathedrals
  • adopted patron saints and sponsored parades in
    their honor
  • Town Life in the Middle Ages
  • Society
  • Towns were small because society was based on
    agriculture and most people lived in the
    countryside
  • Power
  • Lords owned the land where most towns were
    located
  • Towns needed protection from knights that lords
    could provide
  • Status
  • Status was determined by birthright

7
The Development of Monarchies in the Middle Ages
  • English Monarchy
  • After the Magna Carta
  • Lords organized into the Great Council
  • Became Parliament House of Lords House of
    Commons
  • War of the Roses
  • 2 families fought over the English throne
  • House of Lancaster (red roses) vs. House of York
    (white roses)
  • York won then lost public support Lancaster
    took over
  • French Monarchy Louis IX united all of Frances
    feudal lands under his central govt.
  • Holy Roman Empire
  • German Princes ruled independently elected the
    emperor
  • Largest in Europe Germany, Italian , Spanish,
    Slavic lands
  • Hapsburgs powerful nobles from Austria ruled
    the HRE

8
Church Problems in the High Middle Ages
  • As monarchs power grew the Churchs declined
  • Babylonian Captivity
  • 1300s Italian civil wars cause Pope Clement V to
    move the papacy to Avignon, France
  • Clement rumored to have been controlled by the
    French king
  • Great Schism of the 14th Century
  • A second pope is elected in Italy
  • Authority of the pope is weakened by simultaneous
    claim by two popes
  • 1414 both forced to resign, new pope is elected
    and the papacy will stay in Rome
  • Early Church Reformers
  • John Wycliffe
  • Jan Huss
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