The Constitutional Era Washington/Adams

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The Constitutional EraWashington/Adams

• (1781-1789)
• (1789-1800)

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• What is a republic?
• A representative democracy

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• What is the basic principle of republican
  government?
• The people elect representatives who make the
  laws.

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• What was the first attempt at workable government
  in the United States?
• The Articles of Confederation

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• What was wrong with the government under the
  Articles of Confederation?
• It was too weak!

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• What does a constitution provide?
• The basic framework of a government.

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• Name 5 factors that made the national government
  under the Articles weak?
• 1) only a legislative branch 2) Congress had no
  power to tax 3) no national currency 4) each
  state had 1 vote in the Confederation Congress
  5) no executive and no judicial branch

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• What does the legislative branch of a government
  do?
• Makes the laws

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• What does the judicial branch of a government do?
• Interprets or explains the meaning of the laws

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• What does the executive branch do?
• Enforces the laws

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• What is a compromise?
• An agreement in which both sides get part of what
  they want, but neither side gets all of what it
  wants.

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• Where did the Constitutional Convention meet?
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

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What was the Virginia Plan?

• A framework proposed by the Virginia delegation
  to the Constitutional Convention under which the
  national government would have a legislature
  consisting of two houses. Representation in both
  houses would be based on population. Big states
  would have more representatives.

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What was the New Jersey Plan?

• A framework proposed by the New Jersey delegation
  to the Constitutional Convention under which the
  national government would have a legislature
  consisting of one house. Under the New Jersey
  Plan each state had one vote. This plan
  benefited small states.

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What was the Great Compromise or Connecticut
Compromise?

• A plan providing for a two-house Congress in
  which the people would be represented in a House
  of Representatives and the states in the Senate.
  In other words, the House of Rep. would be based
  on population, while each state would have 2 U.S.
  senators.

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Which one became part of the Constitution the
Va. Plan, the N.J. Plan, or the Great Compromise?

• The Great Compromise

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What is federalism?

• The division of power in the United States
  between the national government and the state
  governments.

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Who served as chairman of the Constitutional
Convention?

• George Washington

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Who is considered the Father of the
Constitution?

• James Madison

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When federal law and state law conflict, which
law is supreme?

• Federal Law

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Who leads the executive branch of the federal
government?

• The President

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Who leads the judicial branch of the federal
government?

• The Supreme Court

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What is the name of the legislative branch of the
federal government?

• Congress

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What are the two houses of Congress?

• The House of Representatives
• The United States Senate

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How is a states membership in the Senate decided?

• Two senators from each state

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How is a states membership in the House of Rep.
Decided?

• By Population States with large populations have
  more representatives than states with small
  populations.

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What was the three-fifths compromise?

• A compromise between the northern and southern
  states
• Slaves would count as 3/5 of a person in figuring
  the slave states population for representation
  in the House of Representatives

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What is separation of powers?

• The division of power among different branches of
  government.

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What is the checks and balances system?

• A system of government by which each branch of
  government can check or stop the actions of the
  other branches

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• How many states had to ratify or approve the
  Constitution before it could take effect?
• 9

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Who were the Federalists during the
Constitutional era?

• People who supported the Constitution with a
  strong national government supported by business,
  industry and banking

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Who were the Anti-federalists- known as the
DemocraticRepublicans?

• People who opposed the Constitution, wanted a
  weak central government, supported states rights,
  supported by farmers and artisans.

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What does interstate commerce mean?

• Trade between states

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What is the Bill of Rights?

• The first ten amendments to the Constitution

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What was the basic idea of the Virginia
Declaration of Rights?

• That government should not violate basic human
  rights.

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Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights?

• George Mason

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Who wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom?

• Thomas Jefferson

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What did the Virginia Statute of Religious
Freedom do?

• Outlawed the established church in Virginia
• Supported the idea of freedom of religion

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• What two documents did Madison consult when he
  was working on the Bill of Rights?
• The Virginia Declaration of Rights and the
  Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom

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What rights does the First Amendment guarantee?

• Freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom
  of religion, freedom of assembly, and the right
  of petition

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What church was the established church in
colonial Virginia?

• The Anglican church or Church of England

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What does the term ratify mean?

• Approve

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To what did the phrase ratification of the
Constitution refer?

• 9 of the states approving the Constitution so
  that it would take effect

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What First Amendment freedom allows people to
gather at public meetings?

• Freedom of Assembly

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What First Amendment freedom allows Americans to
make written requests to make changes in the
government?

• Freedom of Petition

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On what document was the Bill of Rights based?

• The Virginia Declaration of Rights

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What is a constitutional amendment?

• An addition to the Constitution

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During the state ratifying conventions, what did
the Anti-Federalists force the Federalists to
promise to adopt?

• A Bill of Rights

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• When George Washington became the first President
  in 1789, who did he select as Secretary of State?
• Thomas Jefferson

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• Who introduced the New Jersey Plan at the
  Constitutional Convention?
• William Patterson

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• Who introduced the Virginia Plan at the
  Constitutional Convention?

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• Edmund Randolph

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• What act established and organized territorial
  lands into Townships of 36 square miles each?

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• Land Ordinance of 1785

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• What state resolutions stated that the states had
  the right to judge if a federal law was
  Constitutional or not?

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• Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

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• What legislation was passed during the
  administration of John Adams which had the power
  of deportation and to imprison critics of the
  government?

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• Alien and Sedition Acts

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• What incident was an attempt by French agents to
  bribe American Diplomats?

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• XYZ Affair

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• Which treaty with Spain allow navigation on the
  Mississippi, the use of New Orleans as a port of
  deposit, and established a border between
  northern Florida and the United States?

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• Pickneys Treaty

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• What were the reasons Washington sent John Jay to
  negotiate a treaty with Britain?

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• To receive compensation for recent British
  assaults on American shipping.
• To demand the withdrawal of British forces from
  their posts on the United States frontier.
• To negotiate a plan for a combined attack against
  France
• To avoid war and to negotiate a favorable
  commercial treaty with Britain

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• Which treaty with Britain stated that Britain
  would remove troops from the Northwest, the US
  would not trade in the West Indies, but did avoid
  war?

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• Jays Treaty

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• Some were upset by Jays Treaty because

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• They felt the US had sold out to the British
  and the treaty did not reach all US objectives.

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• Between 1798-99 the United was involved in an
  undeclared war with France because

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• The French interfered with American trade
• French ships and US ships fought on the high seas
  ( US actually captured 85 French ships)
• The US cut off all trade with France
• Our ministers to France had been insulted by the
  French government

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• In his Farewell Address, what two things did
  Washington advise the nation?

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• Beware of political parties and foreign
  entanglements

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• Who was elected President in the Presidential
  election of 1800?

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• Thomas Jefferson

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• What did the election of Jefferson in 1800 prove ?

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• That the United States could change power in the
  executive and legislative branches of government
  without a bloody civil war and that democracy
  could work as a form of government.