Chapter 17 Sexual Coercion - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Chapter 17 Sexual Coercion

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Chapter 17 Sexual Coercion Types of Rape Stranger rape Acquaintance rape Date rape Statutory rape Prevalence of Rape 1 in 6 women, 3% of men Underreported for many ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 17 Sexual Coercion


1
Chapter 17Sexual Coercion
2
Types of Rape
  • Stranger rape
  • Acquaintance rape
  • Date rape
  • Statutory rape

3
Prevalence of Rape
  • 1 in 6 women, 3 of men
  • Underreported for many reasons
  • Victims self-blame or denial
  • Mistrust of police, legal system
  • Fear of retaliation from rapist
  • Concern about publicity

4
Incidence of Rape by Sex of Victim
5
False Beliefs About Rape
  • Women cant be raped if they dont want to be
  • Women say no when they mean yes
  • Many women cry rape
  • All women want to be raped
  • Rapists are obviously mentally ill
  • Men cant control their sexual urges

6
Psychosocial Basis of Rape
  • Rape frequency influenced by the nature of
    relations between the sexes
  • Status of women
  • Boys attitudes during developmental years
  • Rape-prone societies
  • Societies with no rape
  • Stereotyped gender roles
  • Peer group acceptance

7
Psychosocial Basis of RapeImpact of Media
  • Heightens acceptance of sexual violence
  • Heightens likelihood of coercive sex
  • Physiologic findings inconsistent

8
Characteristics of Rapists
  • Embrace male-dominance
  • Anger toward women
  • Alcohol may contribute
  • Self-centered, less sensitive
  • History of progressively more violent sexual
    offenses

9
Characteristics of Female Rape Victims
  • 50 under age of 18
  • Cultural differences in reporting
  • Low SES may confer greater risk
  • Victims of childhood sexual abuse at increased
    risk for adult sexual revictimization

10
Age Breakdown of Women Rape Victims
11
Acquaintance RapeRole of Perceptions and
Communication
  • Occur in 3 out of 4 rapes
  • Sexual scripts
  • Misinterpretations and double messages
  • Nonverbal communication
  • Justification

12
Date Rape Drugs
  • Rohyphnol (roofies) sedative causing muscle
    relaxation and amnesia
  • Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) central nervous
    system depressant
  • Ketamine hydrochloride (Special K) central
    nervous system depressant

13
Wartime Rape
  • U.N. 1996 Declaration crime of war
  • Motivated by attempts to dominate, humiliate,
    control
  • Destroy familial and societal bonds
  • Terrorize population

14
Aftermath of Rape
  • Initial feelings of shame, anger, fear, guilt,
    powerlessness
  • Self-blame
  • Physical symptoms frequently occur
  • Impaired sexual functioning
  • PTSD, distress developed after trauma
  • Less severe repercussions if counseling begun
    ASAP

15
Rape and Sexual Assault of Males
  • Although vast majority of sexual assault victims
    are women, men are also targets of rape
  • Men less likely than women to report rape
  • Gay men, prison inmates, and prisoners of war
    more likely to be raped

16
Sexual Abuse of Children
  • Sexual contact with a child is always coercive
    because children cannot give informed consent
  • Child-sexual abuse adult sexual contact with a
    child
  • Incest with a relative
  • Pedophilia or molestation with a non-relative

17
Sexual Abuse of Children
  • Prevalence
  • Girls 20-33
  • Boys 9-16
  • Brother-sister and first cousin incest is most
    common
  • Father-daughter reported more and has greater
    negative impact

18
Characteristics of Child Sexual Abusers
  • Mostly heterosexual males
  • Cover spectrum of social classes, religions,
    ethnicity and education
  • Often times are lonely, shy
  • Poor interpersonal skills
  • Alcoholism severe marital problems sexual
    difficulties and poor emotional adjustment

19
Sexual Abuse of ChildrenRecovered Memories
  • Many abuse victims do not remember documented
    abuse
  • Controversy Are memories planted by therapists?

20
Sexual Abuse of ChildrenPedophiles in Cyberspace
  • The Internet provides increased opportunities to
    take advantage of children
  • First, gain childs trust then, try to arrange a
    meeting
  • 2009 Child Online Protection Act
  • Prevention

21
Effects of Child Sexual Abuse
  • Often affects intimate adult relations
  • Low self esteem, PTSD, detrimental parenting
    practices
  • Sex difference
  • Variety of treatment programs

22
Preventing Child Sexual Abuse
  • Present prevention-oriented material at young age
  • Explain Okay and Not Okay touches to children
  • Encourage children to believe they have rights
  • Encourage communication be immediate when in
    uncomfortable situations
  • Discuss strategies for getting away from
    uncomfortable situations

23
Sexual Harassment
  • Unwanted sexual attention in the workplace or
    academic setting
  • Prohibited by Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights
    Act
  • Two types verbal or physical
  • Quid pro quo
  • Hostile or offensive environment

24
Sexual HarassmentSeverity Levels
  • Mild -Sexual or sexist remarks
  • -Unwelcome intrusion
  • Intermediate -Graphic comments
  • Severe -Requiring sexual services

25
Same-Sex Sexual Harassment
  • Recent increase in same-sex sexual harassment
    claims
  • Difficult to pursue legally
  • Federal law narrowly interpreted as between men
    and women

26
Sexual HarassmentEffects on the Victim
  • Financial loss
  • Psychological reactions
  • Physical symptoms
  • Personal relationships

27
Dealing with Sexual Harassment
  • If assaulted, file criminal charges
  • If not assaulted, confront harasser
  • Discuss with supervisor
  • Discuss appropriately with coworkers
  • File official complaint or lawsuit

28
Sexual Harassment in Academic Settings
  • Coercion focuses on grades, letters of
    recommendation, work, or research opportunities
  • Many colleges and universities ban
    professor-student romances
  • Incidence
  • 20-40 undergraduate women 9-29 men
    undergraduate
  • 30-50 graduate women
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