Title: Seismic waves that travel through the interior of Earth
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2Seismic waves that travel through the interior of
Earth
- Surface waves
- Rayleigh Waves
- Love Waves
- Body Waves
3Seismic waves that travel on the surface of Earth
- Surface waves
- S waves
- P waves
- Body waves
4The first seismic waves to arrive
- S Waves
- B. P Waves
- C. Love Waves
- D. Rayleigh Waves
5The second fastest seismic waves
A. S Waves B. P Waves C. Love Waves D. Rayleigh
Waves
6The slowest of the seismic waves
- Body waves
- P waves
- S waves
- Surface waves
7How do scientists find the epicenter of an
earthquake?
- by comparing departure times of P waves and S
waves at several seismograph stations - by digging at several locations and comparing
data - c. by comparing arrival times of P waves and S
waves at several seismograph stations - d. by reviewing satellite photos of tsunamis
8Which of the following statements about shadow
zones is NOT true?
- They are locations on Earths surface where no
body waves from a particular earthquake can be
detected. - Waves bend and change directions as they pass
through Earth - C. They exist because the materials that make up
Earths interior are uniform - D. A large S-wave shadow zone covers the side of
Earth opposite an earthquake
9Mafic Lava is
- rich in silicate materials
- light colored
- common in oceanic crust
- very viscous
10Felsic Lava is
- Runny lava
- Common in continental crust
- Associated with quiet eruptions
- Very viscous
11Which of the following does NOT describe magma
that causes explosive eruptions?
- felsic magma
- large amounts of trapped and dissolved gases
- rich in light-colored silicate materials
- low viscosity
12Explosive volcanic eruptions commonly result from
- aa lava
- felsic magma
- mafic magma
- pahoehoe lava
13Which type of volcano is made up of only
pyroclastic material that results from violent
eruptions?
- cinder cones
- composite volcano
- shield volcano
- stratovolcano
14Which aspect of mafic lava is important in the
formation of smooth, ropy pahoehoe lava?
- a fairly high viscosity
- a fairly low viscosity
- c. rapidly deforming crust
- d. rapid underwater cooling
15A scientist is studying a volcanic lava flow in
Hawaii. The scientist finds sharp volcanic rock
in a large lava field. Which of the following
statements best describes the lava that the
scientist found?
- The lava is mafic lava that flowed during a quiet
eruption. - The lava is the least viscous form of mafic lava.
-
- c. The rocks are lapilli that were produced
during an explosive eruption. -
- d. The lava has a high silica content and flowed
during a quiet eruption.
16The magnitude of an earthquake can be expressed
numerically by using
- only the Richter scale
- both the Mercalli scale and the moment magnitude
scale - c. only the Mercalli scale
- d. both the Richter scale and the moment
magnitude scale
17How is the intensity of an earthquake measured?
- by measuring the amount of ground motion caused
by the earthquake - by measuring the strength of the earthquake based
on the size of the area of the fault that moves -
- c. by measuring the amount of destruction caused
by the earthquake -
- d. by measuring the number of seismic waves that
occur during the earthquake
18Which of the following statements describes the
relationship between the epicenter and focus of
an earthquake?
- The focus is the point on Earths surface what
the epicenter of an earthquake is located - The epicenter is the point on Earths surface
that lies directly above the focus -
- c. The epicenter is the point where an earthquake
occurs, and the focus is where seismic waves
reach - Earths surface
-
- d. The focus is deeper within the Earth than the
epicenter is
19What type of seismic waves are indicated by the
points on the seismogram marked by letter A?
- Love waves
- Rayleigh waves
-
- c. P waves
- d. S waves
20An earthquake with a rating of 1 means
- The lowest intensity
- The highest intensity
- The lowest magnitude
- The highest magnitude
21An earthquake with a rating of XII means
- The lowest intensity
- The highest intensity
- The lowest magnitude
- The highest magnitude
22The picture shows changes in human structures
after an earthquake. What process causes an
earthquake and results in the offset of the
structures and roads shown?
- focusing
- subduction
- surface waves
- elastic rebound
23Which of the following is NOT a major volcanic
area?
- central continental plains
- mid-ocean ridges
- boundaries of tectonic plates
- subduction zones
24Which of the following does NOT signal a volcanic
eruption?
- a change in earthquake activity
- an increase in thunderstorms near the volcano
-
- c. a change in the amount and compositions of
volcanic gases - d. bulging of volcano surface
25Island arcs form when oceanic lithosphere
subducts under
- continental lithosphere
- calderas
- volcanic bombs
- oceanic lithosphere
26Magma is liquid rock that forms beneath Earths
surface. Which of the following is NOT a
condition under which magma may form?
- a volcanic eruption
- increased temperature
- decreased pressure
- addition of fluids
27How does volcanic activity contribute to plate
margins where new crust is being formed?
- Where plates collide at subduction zones, rock
melts and form pockets of magma. - Between plate boundaries, hot spots may form a
chain of volcanic islands -
- c. When plates pull apart at oceanic ridges,
magma creates new ocean floor. -
- d. At some boundaries, new crust is formed when
one plate is forced on top of another.
28The illustration shows volcanic activity. How
does activity at point B contribute to volcanic
activity at Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams?
- The Juan de Fuca plate is subducting under the
North American plate, producing magma. - The Juan de Fuca plate is spreading away from the
Pacific plate, producing magma. -
- c. The volcanic activity is being caused by a hot
spot in the North American plate. -
- d. The North American plate is pushing down on
the asthenosphere, producing magma.
29Based on data about Hawaii, scientists estimate
that the rate of plate movement for the Pacific
plate is 12.4 cm/year. If this rate remains
constant, how long will it take for the plate to
move 100 km?
- 8.1 years
- 12.4 years
- c. 1.24 x 103 years
- d. 8.1 x 105 years