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Seismic waves that travel through the interior of Earth

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Title: Seismic waves that travel through the interior of Earth


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2
Seismic waves that travel through the interior of
Earth
  1. Surface waves
  2. Rayleigh Waves
  3. Love Waves
  4. Body Waves

3
Seismic waves that travel on the surface of Earth
  1. Surface waves
  2. S waves
  3. P waves
  4. Body waves

4
The first seismic waves to arrive
  • S Waves
  • B. P Waves
  • C. Love Waves
  • D. Rayleigh Waves

5
The second fastest seismic waves
A. S Waves B. P Waves C. Love Waves D. Rayleigh
Waves
6
The slowest of the seismic waves
  1. Body waves
  2. P waves
  3. S waves
  4. Surface waves

7
How do scientists find the epicenter of an
earthquake?
  • by comparing departure times of P waves and S
    waves at several seismograph stations
  • by digging at several locations and comparing
    data
  • c. by comparing arrival times of P waves and S
    waves at several seismograph stations
  • d. by reviewing satellite photos of tsunamis

8
Which of the following statements about shadow
zones is NOT true?
  • They are locations on Earths surface where no
    body waves from a particular earthquake can be
    detected.
  • Waves bend and change directions as they pass
    through Earth
  • C. They exist because the materials that make up
    Earths interior are uniform
  • D. A large S-wave shadow zone covers the side of
    Earth opposite an earthquake

9
Mafic Lava is
  1. rich in silicate materials
  2. light colored
  3. common in oceanic crust
  4. very viscous

10
Felsic Lava is
  1. Runny lava
  2. Common in continental crust
  3. Associated with quiet eruptions
  4. Very viscous

11
Which of the following does NOT describe magma
that causes explosive eruptions?
  1. felsic magma
  2. large amounts of trapped and dissolved gases
  3. rich in light-colored silicate materials
  4. low viscosity

12
Explosive volcanic eruptions commonly result from
  1. aa lava
  2. felsic magma
  3. mafic magma
  4. pahoehoe lava

13
Which type of volcano is made up of only
pyroclastic material that results from violent
eruptions?
  1. cinder cones
  2. composite volcano
  3. shield volcano
  4. stratovolcano

14
Which aspect of mafic lava is important in the
formation of smooth, ropy pahoehoe lava?
  • a fairly high viscosity
  • a fairly low viscosity
  • c. rapidly deforming crust
  • d. rapid underwater cooling

15
A scientist is studying a volcanic lava flow in
Hawaii. The scientist finds sharp volcanic rock
in a large lava field. Which of the following
statements best describes the lava that the
scientist found?
  • The lava is mafic lava that flowed during a quiet
    eruption.
  • The lava is the least viscous form of mafic lava.
  • c. The rocks are lapilli that were produced
    during an explosive eruption.
  • d. The lava has a high silica content and flowed
    during a quiet eruption.

16
The magnitude of an earthquake can be expressed
numerically by using
  • only the Richter scale
  • both the Mercalli scale and the moment magnitude
    scale
  • c. only the Mercalli scale
  • d. both the Richter scale and the moment
    magnitude scale

17
How is the intensity of an earthquake measured?
  • by measuring the amount of ground motion caused
    by the earthquake
  • by measuring the strength of the earthquake based
    on the size of the area of the fault that moves
  • c. by measuring the amount of destruction caused
    by the earthquake
  • d. by measuring the number of seismic waves that
    occur during the earthquake

18
Which of the following statements describes the
relationship between the epicenter and focus of
an earthquake?
  • The focus is the point on Earths surface what
    the epicenter of an earthquake is located
  • The epicenter is the point on Earths surface
    that lies directly above the focus
  • c. The epicenter is the point where an earthquake
    occurs, and the focus is where seismic waves
    reach
  • Earths surface
  • d. The focus is deeper within the Earth than the
    epicenter is

19
What type of seismic waves are indicated by the
points on the seismogram marked by letter A?
  • Love waves
  • Rayleigh waves
  • c. P waves
  • d. S waves

20
An earthquake with a rating of 1 means
  1. The lowest intensity
  2. The highest intensity
  3. The lowest magnitude
  4. The highest magnitude

21
An earthquake with a rating of XII means
  1. The lowest intensity
  2. The highest intensity
  3. The lowest magnitude
  4. The highest magnitude

22
The picture shows changes in human structures
after an earthquake. What process causes an
earthquake and results in the offset of the
structures and roads shown?
  1. focusing
  2. subduction
  3. surface waves
  4. elastic rebound

23
Which of the following is NOT a major volcanic
area?
  1. central continental plains
  2. mid-ocean ridges
  3. boundaries of tectonic plates
  4. subduction zones

24
Which of the following does NOT signal a volcanic
eruption?
  • a change in earthquake activity
  • an increase in thunderstorms near the volcano
  • c. a change in the amount and compositions of
    volcanic gases
  • d. bulging of volcano surface

25
Island arcs form when oceanic lithosphere
subducts under
  1. continental lithosphere
  2. calderas
  3. volcanic bombs
  4. oceanic lithosphere

26
Magma is liquid rock that forms beneath Earths
surface. Which of the following is NOT a
condition under which magma may form?
  1. a volcanic eruption
  2. increased temperature
  3. decreased pressure
  4. addition of fluids

27
How does volcanic activity contribute to plate
margins where new crust is being formed?
  • Where plates collide at subduction zones, rock
    melts and form pockets of magma.
  • Between plate boundaries, hot spots may form a
    chain of volcanic islands
  • c. When plates pull apart at oceanic ridges,
    magma creates new ocean floor.
  • d. At some boundaries, new crust is formed when
    one plate is forced on top of another.

28
The illustration shows volcanic activity. How
does activity at point B contribute to volcanic
activity at Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams?
  • The Juan de Fuca plate is subducting under the
    North American plate, producing magma.
  • The Juan de Fuca plate is spreading away from the
    Pacific plate, producing magma.
  • c. The volcanic activity is being caused by a hot
    spot in the North American plate.
  • d. The North American plate is pushing down on
    the asthenosphere, producing magma.

29
Based on data about Hawaii, scientists estimate
that the rate of plate movement for the Pacific
plate is 12.4 cm/year. If this rate remains
constant, how long will it take for the plate to
move 100 km?
  • 8.1 years
  • 12.4 years
  • c. 1.24 x 103 years
  • d. 8.1 x 105 years
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