Reading Techniques for Improved Comprehension Skimming, Scanning, and Mapping

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Reading Techniques for Improved
ComprehensionSkimming, Scanning, and Mapping

• Resource
• http//www.longwood.edu/learning/05-26-04OLD/skims
  can.htm

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Reading Techniques - 1

• Skimming quickly running one's eyes over the
  test to get the gist or general understanding.
  (Grellet, 1981)
• "Skimming gives readers the advantage of being
  able to predict the purpose of the passage, the
  main topic or message, and possible some of the
  developing or supporting ideas." (Brown, 1994)

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Reading Techniques - 2

• Scanning quickly searching for some particular
  piece of information in the text.  (Grellet,
  1981)
• "The purpose of scanning is to extract certain
  specific information without reading through the
  whole text." (Brown, 1994)

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Reading Techniques - 3

• Mapping grouping ideas and thoughts into
  meaningful clusters, which help the reader,
  understand the hierarchy or links between topics
  and concepts.
• The purpose of mapping is to visually organize
  topics and concepts to see how they are related
  to one another.

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Reading Techniques - 4

• Skimming and scanning are particularly valuable
  techniques for studying scientific textbooks. 
• Science textbooks are packed with many facts and
  details.  In response students, shift their
  reading speeds to the lowest gear and labor
  through the material. 

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Reading Techniques - 5

• Note with standing the fact that science
  textbooks are usually well-organized, with main
  points and sub-topics clearly outlined, students
  often ignore these clues and plod through the
  chapter word-by-word, trying to remember every
  detail.

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Reading Techniques - 6

• In order to be successful reader you must
  understand the general framework within which
  concepts fit.  You can get a general
  understanding of that framework by skimming,
  scanning, and mapping.

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Reading Techniques - 7

• A skilled reader can scan material while
  skimming, however you should practice both skills
  separately until you are comfortable. 
• Mapping can be done on a scrap piece of paper
  while reading or after reading as a review or
  study guide.

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Reading Techniques - 8

• SKIMMING
• Start at the beginning of the chapter and read
  the section headings.
• Think how the section headings flow from one to
  another and how they link with each other.
• Take note of vocabulary or terms, which may be in
  bold, or italics print.

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Reading Techniques - 9

• Read each topic sentence, usually the first
  sentence under the heading.
• Read the study questions at the end of the
  chapter and think, "Which section could I find
  that answer in?
• Go back and read each section.

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Reading Techniques - 10

• SCANNING
• After reading the sections or chapter, look at
  the study questions at the end. 
• Answer each question in your head by physically
  turning back and looking for the exact word, term
  or phrase.
• Go back and look up each vocabulary term and
  re-read the definition from the book

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Reading Techniques - 11

• MAPPING
• While reading, place the main concept at the top
  of the page and circle it.
• Under the main concept, write, circle, and draw
  lines to the supporting ideas, concepts, or
  related vocabulary.
• If necessary, write personal definitions or cues
  for memory with these circles.

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Reading Techniques - 12

• Add another layer of vocabulary or concepts if
  necessary
• Add lines showing how vocabulary or concepts are
  linked perpendicularly.
• Mapping can be done either while reading or
  after reading is complete.

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Reading Techniques - 13

• After skimming, scanning, (or mapping if you do
  so at this time) then go back and read the
  chapter or sections of your text. 
• Reading can be very taxing and should not be done
  in one sitting. 
• Pace yourself- Set a goal. 
• Read a set number of sections or read for a set
  number of minutes, review what you have read,
  process it into long term memory and then return
  to read more.

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MATERI PENDUKUNG
http//www.longwood.edu/learning/05-26-04OLD/skims
can.htm
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ASSIGNMENT
Mahasiswa diwajibkan mengunjungi Self Access
Language Learning Center (SALLC). Tugas yang
dilakukan ketika belajar di SALLC adalah sbb

1. Latihan listening comprehension dari bahan TOEFL
   yang tersedia di SALLC.