CE 303: Introduction to Construction

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CE 303 Introduction to Construction

• Blueprint Lab

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Building Construction II
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Objectives

• An Overview of Residential Wood Framing We will
  look at framing components for
• Floors
• Walls
• Roofs
• Stairs

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Floor Frames

• Sill Plate
• Attached atop surface of foundation wall
• Connected with anchor bolts in the concrete
• Header
• Nailed to top of sill plate
• Larger cross-sectional dimension goes in the
  vertical direction
• Same size members as joists

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Floor Frames (continued)

• Joists
• Ends rest on sill plate
• Connected to header
• Normally spaced 12-16 apart
• Subfloor
• Covers joists and headers
• Usually a sheet material e.g. plywood
• Covered by finished floor

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Wall Frame Types

• Platform
• Most widely used
• Each floor is built separately on the floor below
  it
• Balloon
• Not widely used anymore
• Studs extend from the 1st floor to the highest
  floor
• Unbroken walls allow fires to spread quickly

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Wall Frame Types (continued)

• Plank and Beam (Post and Beam)
• Heavy timber posts are used in walls
• 2 thick planks support the floors and roof
• Benefits
• Fewer support members are used
• Can create more aesthetically pleasing designs

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Wall Frame components

• Sole plate
• Nailed horizontally to subfloor
• Serves as a base for the wall frame studs
• Same size members as studs
• Studs
• Vertical members
• Extend from sole plate to top plate

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Wall Frame components (cont.)

• Top plate
• Rests above studs
• Supports next level of building (either the next
  floor or the roof)
• Header
• Placed above door and window areas
• Distributes weight where studs cannot be used

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Roof Frames

• Rafter
• Angled member
• Supports weight of roof
• Ridge board
• Horizontal member at roofs peak
• Connects the upper ends of each rafter
• Collar beam
• Connects rafters horizontally
• Increases stability

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Stair Frames

• Stringer
• Angled member running between floors
• Supports stairs
• Tread
• Horizontal member
• Forms the flat surface that you walk on

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Stair Frames (continued)

• Riser
• Vertical member
• Provides elevation change from step to step
• Winders
• Modifications in design that change direction of
  stairway (L, U, spiral)
• Conserve space

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