ERIK ERIKSON

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ERIK ERIKSONS Stages of Development

• Ch. 8, 9 10

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7 Stages of development

• meant to be descriptive (tells what should
  happen in each stage)
• If you fail the first stage, it makes it harder
  to pass at the next stage
• Often, therapy works to help a person go back and
  pass a stage, or acknowledge and work through
  not having passed that stage

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I. Stage 1- Infancy

• Birth to 1 ½ years
• Fastest growth period in life
• Developmental Tasks
• 1. learn to eat solid food
• 2. begin to walk
• 3. begin to talk
• 4. developing trust
• D. Trust vs. Mistrust

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II. Stage 2 - Early Childhood

• Ages 2-3
• Developmental tasks
• 1. walk and talk more
• 2. potty trained
• 3. social independence develops
• 4. Sense of autonomy-
• need to control impulses, body,
  environment.
• C. Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt

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III. Stage 3 - Childhood

• 4-5 years
• Developmental tasks
• 1. initiate play with other kids
• 2. make-believe
• 3. ask questions
• 4. Learn initiative- the ability to start
  something on their own.
• C. Initiative vs. Guilt

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IV. Stage 4 Late Childhood

• 6 to 11 years
• Developmental Tasks
• 1. learn physical skills for sports, games,
  etc.
• 2. intellectually- learn to read, write, do math
• 3. learn right from wrong
• 4. develop attitudes towards themselves and
  others.
• 5. develop sense of industry- make things-
  cookies, models, etc.
• C. Industry vs. Inferiority

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V. Stage 5 Puberty/Adolescence

• Ages 9 13 14-17
• Beginning of adolescence
• Become capable of reproducing
• Secondary sex characteristics begin to develop
• Second fastest period of growth
• Hormones develop- estrogen progesterone-girls
  testosterone-boys

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G. Developmental Tasks 1. Form mature
relationships 2. achieve a masculine or
feminine social role 3. accept ones physique
and use ones body effectively 4. Achieve
emotional independence from parents and other
adults 5. prepare for marriage and family life
6. prepare for career 7. acquire personal
standards 8. develop social intelligence-aware
of human needs-helping others 9. develop
conceptual and problem-solving skills H. Identity
vs Role Confusion
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VI. Stage 6- Young Adulthood

1. Generally age 20 to early 30s- can start as
   young as 17.
2. Financially independent from parents
3. Can deal with everyday life trials with maturity
4. At peak of physical abilities- strength,
   quickness, alertness
5. Crucial life decisions made- marriage, career,
   children
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation

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VII. Stage 7- Middle Adulthood

• 35-65 years
• Start thinking in terms of what to do with the
  rest of their lives.
• Feeling that time is running out
• Start to face death of parents
• Mid-life crisis common- divorce, career change,
  remarriage
• 1. some have not accepted middle age- can
  lead to problems adjusting
• 2. Their children may be going through
  adolescence, during this time which can add to
  conflict.
• F. Generativity vs. Stagnation

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VIII. Stage 8- Late Adulthood

• 65 and older
• Retirement common
• Senior citizen does not equate to old anymore.
• Longer life expectancy- 85 and older common.
• Better health practices than in the past.
• Measures of Age
• 1. Chronological- How old you actually are
• 2. Biological- how well your body is
  holding up
• influenced by diet, exercise,
  lifestyle, heredity
• 3. Social- a persons lifestyle
• G. Grandchildren become important
• H. Must face death
• J. Integrity vs. Despair

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IX. Death- Stages of Acceptance

• 1. Denial- No not me- cant accept news of a
  death or their own imminent death.
• 2. Anger- Why me? Stage-resentment, sometimes
  leads to isolation, rejection
• 3. Bargaining- begins to accept reality, but
  bargains for more time by praying, other medical
  treatments, etc.
• 4. Depression-time of grieving for what the
  patient has already lost and will lose. Worries
  about family, money, fells sense of great
  loss.-Encourage him or her to grieve
• 5. Acceptance Allows for action and facing
  reality in a constructive way. Closure is
  important. Not a happy stage, but not helpless
  either.