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Title: An%20Overview%20of%20Chinese%20History


1
A Outline of Traditional Chinese Culture
  • An Overview of Chinese History

2
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3
The Brief Chronology of Chinese History(????????)
  • Paleolithic Period(?????)1,700,000-10,000 years
    ago
  • Neolithic Period(?????)10,000-4,000 years ago
  • Xia Dynasty (?) 2070B.C.-1600 B.C.
  • Shang Dynasty (?) 1600 B.C.-1046 B.C.
  • Western Zhou Dynasty (??) 1046 B.C.-771 B.C.
  • Spring and Autumn Period (??)770 B.C.-476 B.C.
  • Warring State Period(??) 475 B.C.-221 B.C.

4
The Brief Chronology of Chinese History(????????)
  • Qin Dynasty(?) 221BC-206BC
  • Han Dynasty (Western Han Eastern Han)(?)
    206BC-220AD
  • Three Kingdoms (??) 220-280AD
  • Jin Dynasty (Western Jin Eastern Jin)(?)
    265-420
  • Southern and Northern Dynasties(???) 420-589
  • Sui Dynasty (?) 581-618
  • Tang Dynasty (?) 618-907

5
The Brief Chronology of Chinese History(????????)
  • Five Dynasties (??) 907-960
  • Liao Dynasty (?) 907-1125
  • Song Dynasty (Northern Song Southern Song) (?)
    960-1279
  • Western Xia Dynasty(??)1038-1227
  • Jin Dynasty (?) 1115-1234
  • Yuan Dynasty (?) 1206-1368

6
The Brief Chronology of Chinese History(????????)
  • Ming Dynasty (?) 1368-1644
  • Qing Dynasty (?) 1616-1840 (Opium War)-1911
  • Republic of China(????)1912-1949
  • Peoples Republic of China(???????)1949-
  • 1??????,?????,?????,??????
  • ?????,?????,?????,?????
  • ?????,??????
  • 2????,???,???????,???????,
  • ???????, ???????,????????
  • 3????????,???????,??????? ???????,????????

7
The historical development of the Chinese
culture
  • 1. The Dawn of Chinese History The Pre-Qin
    Period Culture(?????????????)
  • (1) The Earliest Human Beings in China Yuanmou
    Man (dated back to 1,700,000 years ago, the
    earliest human beings ever found in
    China)-Lantian Man (walk upright on 2
    feet)-Peking Man (skilled at making fire, making
    and using stone tools)- Upper Cave Man (18000,
    resembled modern human beings in appearance )
  • (2) The Great Myth of the Creation of Man in
    Ancient China

8
The historical development of the Chinese
culture
  • (3) Ancestors of the Chinese Nation 4000 years
    ago, Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang defeated
    Chiyou.
  • (4) Confucius, the Great Educator
  • (5) The Hundred Schools of Thought and their
    Exponents.????
  • (6) The Art of War the world first treatise on
    military science????????????

9
An outline history
  • Yuanmou Man and Peking Man
  • The Ancient Period
  • The Modern Times

10
Yuanmou Man and Peking Man
  • The first primitive man known to have existed in
    China is Yuanmou Man, who lived 1.7 million years
    ago.
  • Peking Man, who existed more than 400,000 years
    ago, could walk upright, make and use simple
    tools, and make use of fire.

11
The Ancient Period
  • Why are we called the descendants of Yan and
    Huang (????)?
  • Chinese history began with two legendary
    figuresEmperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who,
    together with their tribes, inhabited the
    drainage area along the middle reaches of the
    Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after
    centuries of living side by side, these two
    tribes had gradually merged into one.
    Consequently, the Chinese people usually
    themselves the descendants of Yan and Huang.

12
Yu conquering the flood
  • Yu inspired people to dig ditches to
    divert water instead of building dams. He worked
    ceaselessly for 13 years and succeeded in
    controlling the floods.

13
The historical development of the Chinese
culture
  • 2. The period of Great Feudal Unity The Qin and
    Han Dynasties? ????????
  • (1)Qinshihuang, the First Emperor in Chinese
    History
  • (2)The Great Wall and the Terracotta Warriors
  • (3)Sima Qian and his Records of the Historian
  • (4) Zhang Heng, and his seismograph / seismoscope
  • (5) Zhang Zhongjing, the saint of medicine and
    Hua Tuo, the founder of surgery

14
Qinshihuang, the First Emperor
  • The First Emperor of Qin (watch a movie)
  • He unified the Language, the measurement
    system and the currency, set up the prefectures
    and counties system, constructed the famous Great
    Wall and built extravagant palaces and mausoleums.

15
The Terracotta Warriors
16
The historical development of the Chinese
culture
  • 3. The division of China once more and the
    intermingling of ethnic groups The Three
    Kingdoms, the two Jin Dynasties and the Southern
    and Northern Dynasties.
  • ??????????????????????
  • Chao Cao, Zhuge Liang
  • Romance of the Three Kingdoms????
  • Wang Xizhi, the saint of calligraphy

17
The historical development of the Chinese
culture
  • 4. The heyday of Feudal Society The Sui and
    Tang Dynasties?????????
  • (1) The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty
  • (2) Xuanzangs Journey to the West
  • (3) Jianzhen Crosses the Ocean to Japan

18
The historical development of the Chinese
culture
  • 5. The continued development of Feudal Society
    and the coexistence of ethnic regimes
  • The Five Dynasties, and the Liao, Song, Xia, Jin
    and Yuan Dynasties
  • ??????????????????????????????
  • (1)Yue Fei, Wen Tianxiang
  • (2)The Four Great Inventions
  • (3)Riversides scene on the Pure Brightness
    Festival
  • (4) Sima Guang and the Comprehensive Mirror for
    Aid in Government ????

19
The historical development of the Chinese
culture
  • 6. The period of further development of the
    unitary multi-ethnic country and the decline of
    feudal society The Ming and Qing Dynasties
    (before the opium war of 1840)????????????????????
    ??????(??????)
  • Zhu Yuanzhang, Zheng He, Qi Jiguang
  • Li Shizhen and Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of
    Materia Medica)

20
The historical development of the Chinese
culture
  • 7. Modern Period????
  • (1) Lin Zexu and the Destruction of Opium at
    Humen
  • (2) The first Opium War
  • (3) The May 4th Movement

21
The historical development of the Chinese
culture
  • 8. Contemporary Period ????
  • You know much about this period.

22
Brief introduction to Chinese Symbols
  • National Day
  • National Emblem
  • National Anthem
  • (Internationale???)
  • National Capital

23
National Day
  • Chinese celebrate October 1 as National Day in
    honor of the founding of the Peoples Republic of
    China (PRC) on October 1, 1949.

24
National Flag
  • The red color of the flag symbolizes revolution
    and the yellow color of the stars the golden
    brilliant rays radiating from the vast red land.
  • The design of the four smaller stars surrounding
    a bigger one signifies the unity of the Chinese
    people under the leadership of the Communist
    Party of China.

25
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26
National Emblem
  • Composed of patterns of the national flag, the
    Tiananmen Rostrum, a wheel gear and ears of
    wheat, it symbolizes the New-Democratic
    Revolution of the Chinese people since the May
    4th Movement in 1919 and the birth of New China.

27
National Anthem
  • March of the Volunteers was written in 1935 and
    was officially adopted as the national anthem of
    the PRC on December 4, 1982.
  • The lyrics of March of the Volunteers goes as
    follow
  • Arise, ye who refuse to be slaves
  • Let us amount our flesh and blood towards
    our new Great Wall! The Chinese nation faces
    its greatest peril, The thundering roar of our
    people will be heard!
  • Arise! Arise! Arise!
  • We are many, but our hearts beat as one!
    Selflessly braving the enemys gunfire, march
    on! Selflessly braving the enemys gunfire,
    march on! March on! March on! on!

28
National Capital
  • On September 27, 1949, Beiping was renamed as
    Beijing and became capital of the PRC.
  • Beijing is not only the nations political
    centre, but also serves as its economic,
    scientific and cultural heart.

29
Geography
  • Location and Boundary
  • Topography
  • Rivers and Lakes
  • Climate

30
Location and Boundary
31
Whats the location of China in the Map?
  • Located in the east of the Asian continent, on
    the western shore of the Pacific ocean, the PRC
    has a land area of about 9.6 million sq km, and
    is the third largest country in the world, next
    only to Russia and Canada.

32
Topography
33
What are the features of Chinese topography?
  • China is a country of varied topographical
    features with highlands in the west and plains in
    the east.
  • Taking a birds-eye view of China, the terrain
    descends from the west to east like a
    four-staircase

34
  • Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Southwest China (above
    4000m)
  • Inner Mongolia Plateau, the Loess Plateau, the
    Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the Tarim Basin(?????),
    the Junggar Basin and Sichuan Basin
    (1000m-2000m)
  • The Northeast Plain, the North China Plain and
    the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain (500-1000m)
  • The continental shelf

35
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36
Rivers and Lakes
  • More than 1,500 rivers each drain 1,000 sq km or
    larger areas
  • Rich in water-power resources
  • Exterior and interior river systems
  • The Yangtze River and the Yellow River
  • 24,800 natural lakes
  • The Grand Canal

37
Whats your impression of the Yangtze River?
  • The Yangtze River is the longest river in China
    (6,300km)
  • It flows through 11 provinces, autonomous regions
    and municipalities.
  • It is one of the main artery of water
    transportation between eastern and western China.

38
Whats your impression of the Yellow River?
  • The Yellow River is Chinas second longest river
    (5,464 km)
  • The most heavily silt-laden river in the world.
  • The Yellow river catchment area is an important
    base for grains in China.

39
Anything about the Grand Canal?
  • The Grand Canal is also called Jinghang Canal
    (1,801 km)
  • The canal was open to navigation over 1,000 years
    ago.
  • It passes through one city, four provinces and
    links five major rivers.

40
Climate
  • A warm climate and distinct seasons
  • Continental monsoon climate in China
  • 1) cold and dry winters
  • 2) warm and humid summers

41
Administrative Divisions (5 minutes)
  • Three-tier system (????), dividing the nation
    into provinces, counties and townships
  • At present China has 23 provinces, 5 autonomous
    regions, 4 municipalities and two special
    administrative regions (SAR?????)

42
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43
Population
  • More recent data using sampling by the National
    Bureau of Statistics announced that by Nov. 1,
    2010, the population of China was 1,370,536,875.
  • What is One Child Policy?
  • It is a policy of family planning, hoping to
    control the population increase, improve
    population quality.

44
Distribution of the Ethnic groups
  • 56 ethnic groups (Han, 91.51)
  • According to the fifth national census conducted
    in 2010, the population of all the 55 minority
    ethnic groups totaled 113,792,221, accounting for
    8.49 percent of the total population of China.
  • What is the ethnic policy in China?
  • Equality, unity, mutual assistance and common
    prosperity (??,??,??,????)are the basic
    principles of the Chinese government in handling
    the relations between ethnic groups.

45
  • Guess what ethnic group are they from?

46
Dong
47
Yi
48
Tujia
49
Li
50
Miao
51
The Political System
  • The Constitution of the Peoples Republic of
    China is the fundamental law of the state.
  • The NPC is the highest organ of state power.
  • The Communist Party is the sole party in power in
    China. Apart from it, there are eight democratic
    parties in China.
  • The State Council, or the Central Peoples
    Government, of the Peoples Republic of China is
    the executive body of the highest organ of state
    power and the highest organ of state
    administration.

52
Economic Development and Reform
  • What is GDP?
  • Gross domestic product, the total market value of
    all the goods and services produced in a country
    in a specific period. (13,687.59 billion RMB in
    2004)
  • Economic reform and opening-up are the two
    fundamental State policies of China.

53
Students Presentation
  • Please do brief introduction to your hometown,
    including the details about the location,
    population, climate, the main scenes,etc.
  • First in pairs and to the whole class.

54
Homework
  • Please prepare for next class presentation.
  • Time 10 minutes (Followed by 5-minutes
    comments from other students)
  • Topic Any festivals except the Spring Festival,
    the Mid-autumn Festival and the Lantern Festival.
  • Arrangement two or three students each time.

55
Registration online
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