Warmup What was the Mandate of Heaven, and which civilization believed in it?

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WarmupWhat was the Mandate of Heaven, and which
civilization believed in it?
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ANCIENT CHINA
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THE SHANG DYNASTY 1766-1122 B.C.E.

• Arose in the North China
• Along Yellow River
• Between Ordos Bulge and Mouth of Yellow River
• Evidence
• Many records, material remains discovered
• Bronze metallurgy, monopolized by elite
• Vast network of walled towns
• Agricultural surpluses supported large troops
• Shang Society
• Shang-kings were warriors
• Constant struggle with nobles for power
• The Shang capital moved six times
• Small Shang elite ruled large common population
• Lavish tombs of Shang kings
• Contained chariots, weapons, bronze goods
• Sacrificial human victims, dogs, horses

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Shang china
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MANDATE OF HEAVEN

• The right to rule granted by heaven
• Zhou justified their overthrow of Shang
• Ruler called "the son of heaven"
• Only given to virtuous, strong rulers
• To lose mandate someone else should rule
• Replacement of dynasties Dynastic Cycle
• Signs one had lost mandate
• Corruption, heavy taxes
• Lazy officials and rulers
• Revolts, invasions, civil wars, crime
• Natural disasters
• Society develops bad morals, habits

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THE ZHOU DYNASTY 1122-256 B.C.E.

• The rise of the Zhou
• The last Shang king was a bad ruler
• The Zhou forces toppled the Shang
• Political organization
• Adopted decentralized administration
• Used princes and relatives to rule regions
• Consequences
• Weak central government with ceremonial functions
• Rise of regional powers often called feudalism
• Constant rivalry between warring families, nobles

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Shang china
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The Zhou map
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Bantu Migrations, 3000-1000 BCE

• Bantu means people
• Originated in what would be modern Nigeria
• Migration throughout sub-Saharan regions
• Population pressures
• Over 500 variations of original Bantu language
• 90 million speakers
• Similar to Indo-Europeans in that they spread
  language as they moved.
• By 1000 BCE, occupied most of Africa south of the
  equator

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• Bantu Migrations, 2000 BCE-1000 CE

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Bantu Migration
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In Africa, why more of this
and less of this?
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Bantu Religions

• Evidence of early monotheism
• Deistic views as well
• Prayers to intercessors, e.g. ancestor spirits
• Great variations among populations

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American Civilizations
Olmecs
Chavin
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How did they compare to other civilizations?

• Similar

• Different

• Polytheistic
• Metallurgy
• Formed cities

• Didnt develop in a river valleys
• Cultivated Maize (corn)
• Domesticated llamas

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Chavin