Recombinant DNA Technologies

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Recombinant DNA Technologies

• A.DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• Bases
• A- Adenine
• C- Cytosine
• G- Guanine
• T- Thymine
• -put together in a double-helical molecule
• with A-T C-G as the rungs
• -form GENES
• e. We have about 30,000 genes and they are mapped
  by location on each chromosome
• -Human Genome Project
• f. We are 99.9 identical .1 makes us unique
  and different from Rob Marder (thank heaven!)

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B. DNA fingerprinting

• 1. Find areas of variation
• 2. Hit with restriction enzymes
• gtneat DNA cutting tools (listen for where they
  came from!)
• 3. Run through a gel (electrophoresis)
• a. After cutting, small particles move fast,
  larger ones move slowly
• b. Gives a banding pattern

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Gel Electrophoresis Apparatus
Two examples to try -Crime Scene
Paternity Testing (Maury Povich style!)
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C. Gene Therapy

• 1. Problems with gene expression lead to faulty
  molecules, especially enzymes
• -cannot do their jobs
• 2. examples Cystic Fibrosis Tay Sachs
  diseases
• 3. Idea replace bad genes with good ones that
  make the proper molecule
• ? And theoretically fix the problem
• 4. How can we deliver the new genes?
• (i.e. what do we know that inserts genes over
  existing ones. Think poison)
• ? Called vectors

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D. Cloning

1. Genetically identical copies
2. Replace nucleus of egg w/ compat. Adult DIPLOID
   nucleus and jolt w/ electricity
3. Age of clone- new or as old as donated DNA?
4. Just because we can, does that mean we should?
5. Examples

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E. PCR- Polymerase Chain Reaction

• 1.Takes small amounts of DNA and copies it
  millions of times
• 2. Useful when DNA quantities are minute
• -crime scenes
• -archeological
• finds

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F. Transgenic organisms

• 1. Organisms with foreign DNA spliced into it
• 2. Examples
• a. Bacteria- make chemicals that we need
• 1) insulin (rather than from a dead pigs
  organ)
• 2) fertilizers
• 3) hormones
• 4) nutrasweet (phenylalanine- watch out PKU
  people)
• 5) Spider silk for manufacturing
• b. Plants
• 1) Resist frost (Arctic flounder gene)
• 2) Disease resistance

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Transgenic organisms continued

• c. Animals
• 1. Goats that produce anti-clotting protein
• 2. Glowing Rabbits
• -Fun ?, but actually are
• markers
• 3. Human Mice
• ? Benefit?
• 4. Rejection resistant pigs for organ
  transplants into humans
  (xenotransplantation)

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Example of how we generate HUMAN insulin from
bacteria

• What are some benefits to utilizing this method?
• How did Diabetics get their insulin before this
  was developed?
• Hint Our friend, the pig

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Genetic engineering funnies