Geographic Information Systems

1
Geographic Information Systems
www.esri.com/environment

• Models, Libraries and Tools

2
Data Models

• Data models are used to represent real world
  objects in a GIS
• Earliest non trivial models include GBF-DIME,
  POLY VRT, and TIGER
• Currently there are 3 main types
• Vector Models.
• Raster Models.
• Surface Models.

mississippi.deltastate.edu/data/.../Lecture20220
-20GIS20data20models.ppt
3
Data Models

• Vector Models

Spaghetti Models
Network Models
Topological Models
Source www.ils.unc.edu/ruvam/INLS110_111/.../vec
tordatamodels.ppt
4
Data Models

• Raster Models
• Surface Models
• Raster Based Models
• Vector Based Models.
• TINS
• Theissen Polygons

Source www.ils.unc.edu/ruvam/INLS110_111/.../vec
tordatamodels.ppt
5
Environment Management and GIS

• Pre-processing of data
• Sampling
• Geometric transformation
• Format conversion
• Modeling and analysis
• Auto-correlation
• Regression
• Interpolation
• Post-processing
• Visualization
• Reporting

http//www.safe.com/solutions/GIS/documents/marria
ge-cad-gis.pdf
www.esri.com/environment
6
FOSS and environmental Modeling
7
Geospatial Software Stacks

• System Softwares
• Linux, MS-Windows
• Geospatial Data Processing Libraries
• Data Management
• Data Integration
• Geo-analytical Tools
• Data Storage and Serving
• Scripting languages
• Perl,Python
• User Interface

8
GIS Open Source Libraries

• GDAL/OGR
• C libraries for raster and vector data
  respectively.
• JTS (Java Topological Suite)
• Complete suite for 2D spatial algorithms based on
  the Simple Features for SQL specification of OGS.
  GEOS is its C port.
• JCS (Java Conflation Suite)
• Java based tool for conflation and cleaning of
  spatial data sets, which helps in error detection
  and automatic/manual correction.
• GPSBabel
• Tool to between various GPS data formats. It can
  translate waypoints, routes and tracks and
  partially signal quality information between
  various data formats.

9
Geospatial Applications
Wikipedia
http//geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/casa/hydrologic/swat.h
tml
10
GIS and CAD Need for integration

• Both are GIS applications
• Reduction of redundancies in data collection and
  maintenance
• Promotes information sharing and standardization
  of procedures
• Increases functionality and efficiency

Source http//www.safe.com/solutions/GIS/document
s/marriage-cad-gis.pdf
11
Impact of technological inflection points on GIS
and CAD

• Milestones
• Workstation Phase
• AutoCAD, Desktop GIS products
• ArcCAD, AutoCAD Map, Autodesk World
• Web Phase
• Whip! (Autodesk DWFTM Viewer), MapGuide
• Wireless Phase
• Autodesk Onsite View, Location-Based Services,
  Enterprise GIS

12
Future

• Service Oriented Architecture
• Demand for rapid data and application processing