The Reformation

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The Reformation
A break from the religious ways thinking during
the Middle Ages
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Early Reformers
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John Wycliffe (wik-lif), 1300 A.D.

• Questioned the belief that the only way to
  salvation was through the church.
• -Bible ultimate authority not church
• Denounced church members for wealth. Bodied
  exhumed and burned by church after his nature
  death
• Translated bible from Latin to English.
• -Read for yourself

Condemned as a heretic
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Is this a modern example?The Crystal Cathedral
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John Huss, 1400s

1. Influenced by Wycliffe and spread his teachings.
2. Challenged Popes authority and wealth.
3. Excommunicated in 1410.
4. Burned at the stake in 1415 for heresy.

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Martin Luther, 1483-1546

• German Monk who led protest against the church.
• People gain salvation through God, not good
  works.
• -Pope and priests not needed for salvation. Its
  up to you.
• -Translated bible into German while hiding.
• Nailed 95 Theses (complaints) to a church.
  (Celibate and Indulgences).

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Martin Luther cont

• 4. Started the Lutheran faith making the pope
  and emperor mad
• 5. Luther supported by German princes who
  wanted to limit power of Roman emperor
• 6. This started a religious war.
• -Pease of Augsburg allowed Germans to pick the
  religion of their state. (not the people)

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The new religions were called

• Protestant

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Calvinism, 1536 AD

1. Believed in predestination the idea that God
   knows if youre going to heaven or hell before
   you are born. You will go to that place no
   matter how good or bad of a life you live.
2. Very strict Punished people for dancing, singing
   lewd songs, drinking, making noise during
   church.
3. Basis for Presbyterian church.

How would you act if you new that no matter what
you do in life you will be going to heaven?
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Anglican The Church of England

• King Henry was Catholic, but wanted an annulment
  and the Pope said no. He wanted to remarry and
  try for a boy.
• Henry changed England to the Protestant religion
  of Anglican or Church of England and
  remarried.
• He made himself the head of the religion, kicked
  Catholic churches out and took all their land and
  money.
• His sick Protestant son takes over and dies, His
  daughter Mary takes over and tries to convert
  England back to Catholic. Called Bloody Mary.
• Elizabeth takes over and returns to Protestant.

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English Protestantism
Henry VIII, King of England
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Wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon
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Their daughter, Mary
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Second Wife Anne Boleyn
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Henry and Annas daughter Elizabeth I
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The Catholic Counter-Reformation
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What was it?

• Catholic Churchs attempt to
• Gain back the people who left.
• Keep more members from leaving.

• The Council of Trent, 1545A.D.
• Met in Trent, Italy to discuss
  problems with the church.
• Kept some things the same and
  reformed others.

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Some Things Never Change

1. Only Church can explain the bible.
2. Both faith and good works are necessary for
   salvation.
3. Pope is highest and final authority of the
   church.
4. Church rituals stay the same.
5. Clergy may not marry.

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Some Things Do

• Limits and then eliminates sale of indulgences
• Tightened discipline of clergy
• -Only the worthy may join
• -Seminaries to train them
• 3. Inquisition increased
• -Suspected heretics on trial
• 4. Index list of banned books
• 5. Jesuits sent to spread Catholic ideas and
  teachings

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Causes Unhappy over Church policies and
practices. Luthers challenge to church
authority. Opposition of some German princes to
Authority of Holy Roman Emperor. Spread of
Calvinist ideas
Effects End of religious unity in
Europe. Strengthening of state authority over
church authority. Spread of education Strengthe
ning of European Middle class. -Protestant
religion emphasized the work ethic and
lifestyle they had.
Key Development The Reformation 1517-1563