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The Beginnings of Judaism

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The Beginnings of Judaism pp. 120-125 Vocabulary/People/Places Judaism Torah Monotheism Ten Commandments Sabbath Diaspora Abraham Moses Jerusalem Read Aloud ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Beginnings of Judaism


1
The Beginnings of Judaism
  • pp. 120-125

2
Vocabulary/People/Places
  • Judaism
  • Torah
  • Monotheism
  • Ten Commandments
  • Sabbath
  • Diaspora
  • Abraham
  • Moses
  • Jerusalem

3
Read Aloud
  • Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord
    alone. This short passage from the Bible
    expresses the basis of Jewish religious belief.
    In this lesson you will read about the great
    meaning it would have for the ancestors of the
    Jewish people in the changing world of the
    Fertile Crescent ( Banks 120).

4
The Big Picture
  • Because of expansion of trade and the Babylonian
    empire at the leadership of Hammurabi in the late
    1700 BC, people from Egypt and Mesopotamia
    crossed paths ( Banks 120).
  • Source of information The Bible
  • Original language is Hebrew
  • Translated into every Modern language
  • Today 17 million Jews
  • Christians and Muslims hone the Hebrew Bible
  • Records the history and religion of Judaism

5
Abraham of Ur
  • Abraham was married to Sarah.
  • Both lived in Mesopotamia in the city-state of Ur
    where the people worshipped the Sumerian moon
    goddess.
  • God spoke directly to Abraham
  • Go forth from your native land and from your
    fathers house to the land that I will show you.
    I will make for you a great nation, and I will
    bless you so Abraham took his wife,
    Sarahand they set out for the land of Canaan
    (Banks 121).

6
The CovenantSpecial agreement between God and
Abraham and his descendents
  • I am God Almighty. Walk in My ways and be
    blameless. I will establish My covenant with you,
    an I will make you exceedingly numerousI assign
    the land you sojourn rest in to you and your
    offspring to comeI will be their God (Banks
    121).
  • The beginning of the history of Judaism
  • Abraham traveled the distance from Ur to the land
    of Canaan. See page 121.
  • He was a stranger in a strange land
  • Later they would be called the people of Israel
    or Israelites after Abrahams grandson Israel or
    as Jews.

7
Draw the map on page 121
  • Color code it
  • Draw the globe
  • Distinguish between the route and Abraham and the
    Route of Moses
  • Identify the Fertile Crescent
  • You can trace it if you need to do so.

8
Going to Egypt
  • Abrahams children and grandchildren prospered in
    Canaan
  • They migrated to Egypt in harsh times of famine
  • At first they were welcomed
  • The people became slaves to the new Pharaoh

9
Moses in Egypt
  • Born to Israelite parents
  • Adopted by pharaoh's daughter
  • Raised in royal household with wealth and power
  • Be comes leader and teacher of the Israelite
    slaves

10
Becoming a prophet
  • According to the Bible, Moses killed and then hid
    the dead body of an Egyptian beating an Israelite
    slave.
  • Moses ran away to Midian, possibly in modern day
    Saudi Arabia, where he stayed for many years.
  • God spoke to him saying, ComeI will send you to
    Pharaoh and you shall free My people, the
    Israelites, from Egypt ( Banks 122).
  • Moses at first refuses, but then yields to the
    will of God to become a prophet, "a person who
    speaks for God (Banks 122).
  • Moses pleads with the Pharaoh and eventually
    leads the them back to Canaan.
  • Passover is still celebrated to remember their
    freedom from slavery (Banks 123). Lets look at
    this.

11
The Torah
  • Moses goes to Eastern Egypts wilderness for 40
    years of wandering.
  • Early on they traveled to Mount Sinai where God
    gives Moses five books of laws and teachings or
    the first books of the bible.
  • Hebrew The Torah to teach.
  • On Mt. Sinai, god also gave Moses The Ten
    Commandments, the core of Jewish religion and
    teachings.

12
Make a Venn Diagram comparing/contrasting the
Torah/Ten Commandments with the Code of Hammurabi
  • Turn to page 123, col 1 and p. 113.
  • How were these two documents alike?
  • How were they different? What is monotheism?
  • What is polytheism?
  • In what language was each written?

13
The Kingdom of Israel
  • After 40 years and before he died, Moses arrived
    with the Israelites in Canaan.
  • He gave them instructions and they crossed the
    river Jordan in Canaan.
  • They defeated several kings and set up the nation
    called Israel.
  • They had a nation, land and religion.

14
A Nation of Israel
  • The Torah was the basis of the life of the people
    of Israel.
  • They honored the Sabbath, the weekly day of
    rest, prayer and study, which is a Saturday.
    (Banks, 124).
  • The leader of Israel was King David who made
    Jerusalem his capital about 1000 B.C.
  • Davids son Solomon built a great temple there
    which became the center of religious and
    political decisions.

15
Exile to Babylonia
  • 928 B.C. King Solomon dies.
  • Israel splits into two kingdoms
  • Assyrians in 721 BC conquer the North
  • The southern portion becomes known as Judah, from
    which the word Jews was derived and which
    survived until 586 BC.
  • Babylons armies destroyed Jerusalem and the
    temple of Solomon.
  • Jews were exiled to Babylon from their homeland.
  • Scattering of Jews to many parts of the world is
    call he Diaspora

16
Why It Matters
  • The Torah, though the people are scattered,
    remains the object of faith that unifies the
    Jews.
  • They believe in the covenant that promises then
    Canaan.
  • In 1948, then Palestine was changed to Israel and
    has been so until today.

17
MAIN IDEAS
  • Trade and movements of people in the 1700s B.C.
    helped link major cities of the Fertile Crescent
    and Egypt.
  • The Bible says Moses led the Israelites out of
    slavery in Egypt and passed on laws from God
    regarding how they should live.
  • Monotheism the belief in one God-set the
    Hebrews apart from other groups around them.
  • Sacred writings, called the Torah, form the heart
    of Judaism (Banks 125).

18
Think About It
  • What role did Abraham play in the history of
    Judaism?
  • Why do Jews still celebrate Passover?
  • How were Moses and the teachings of the Torah
    important to the beginnings of Judaism?
  • According to the Bible, what was the cause of the
    Israelites move to Egypt?
  • Be able to compare/contrast polytheism to
    monotheism.

19
Jewish Holidays and Terms
  • Shabbat Sabbath
  • Rosh Hashanah Rosh Hashanah is the day on
    which G-d created Man, Adam, G-ds final and most
    precious creation. Each Rosh HaShanah, the
    birthday of Mankind, we proclaim G-d as our one
    and true King. We then reaffirm our desire to
    serve him every moment of our lives. At this same
    time, G-d reviews the status of his creation and
    determines if he or she merits another year in
    this world http//www.ou.org/chagim/roshhashanna
    h/default.htm

20
TZOM GEDALIAHTHE FAST OF GEDALIAH
  • Tzom Gedaliah (Fast of Gedaliah) is an annual
    fast day instituted by the Jewish Sages to
    commemorate the assassination of Gedaliah Ben
    Achikam, the Governor of Israel during the days
    of Nebuchadnetzar King of Babylonia. As a result
    of Gedaliah's death the final vestiges of Judean
    autonomy after the Babylonian conquest were
    destroyed, many thousands of Jews were slain, and
    the remaining Jews were driven into final exile.

21
Yom HaShoahhttp//www.ou.org/yerushalayim/yomhash
oah/
  • The Holocaust was arguably among the most
    fearsome tragedies that have befallen the Jewish
    People in its long history, in which six million
    Jews, fully one third of World Jewry, including
    one and a half million children, were murdered.
    And the murderers were not a People who would
    normally be called "barbaric." On the contrary,
    the majority of the officers of the so-called
    Concentration "Camps" were medical doctors (!),
    or doctors of philosophy, or respected
    professionals. A degree of evil was exhibited
    which perhaps has never been exceeded in all of
    human history.
  • It is not true that the murderers' evil was
    unopposed. Tremendous bravery was exhibited by
    relatively small numbers of Jews and Gentiles,
    such as at the Warsaw Ghetto, where the Jewish
    Community acted in concert, and by hundreds of
    individuals whose efforts resulted in the saving
    of tens, even hundreds of thousands of lives.
  • Although the saving of a single life is
    comparable to the saving of an entire world, the
    dimensions of the tragedy vastly outweighed all
    attempts to avert it, and the sweet taste of the
    good deeds was indistinguishable against the
    bitterness of the evil.

22
YOM KIPPUR
  • Yom Kippur is a day designed to bring Jews
    closer to G-d and encourages return to him
    through the process of Teshuvah. Though the Yom
    Kippur service was, during the times of the
    Temple, focused around the Kohen Gadol, today
    each individual focuses on himself and his
    personal Avodah, service to G-d.
  • From http//www.ou.org/chagim/yomkippur/ykoverview
    .htm

23
Passover
  • Passover is an eight day Jewish holiday, of
    Biblical origin, marking the birth of the Jews as
    a people and their emergence as a unique nation
    in history, devoted to G-d's will. It celebrates
    the liberation of the children of Israel from
    slavery in Egypt over 3000 years ago, under the
    leadership of Moses.
  • Taken from
  • http//www.ou.org/chagim/pesach/pesachguide/maze/b
    asic1.htm

24
What is Chanukah?
  • Although it contained only enough oil to burn for
    one day, a miracle occurred, and the oil burned
    for eight days. A year later they (the Rabbis)
    designated these days as Yamim Tovim (holidays)
    on which praise and thanksgiving were to be
    said." (Tractate Shabbat 21)
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