Why%20Aid%20for%20Education%20to%20India?

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Why Aid for Education to India?

• Christopher Colclough and Anuradha De

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Main question in what ways and to what extent
has aid influenced educational policy in
India Methods -Documentary sources -Interviews
amongst government, aid community and NGOs The
paper is Work in Progress
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• Changed Aid Intentions 1990-2000
• Education, aid and Development the shift to
  basics
• Changing priorities in aid to education
• Jomtien Conference 1990
• Aid promises not met by 2000 and resource gap
  increased
• Millennium Conference and the MDGs

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New Instruments and Modalities Aid Effectiveness
selectivity Paris Declaration Programme Aid
SWAPs -Budgetary Support
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Aid to Education in India

• Donor Interests
• -Poverty focus (Primary ed)
• -Effectiveness of spending
• -transparency
• -agreement on policy objectives
• National Interests
• -resources
• -international best practice
• -monitoring systems
• -advocacy

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Expenditure allocations for Elementary Education
during different Plans
(Rs. Crore)
Five Year Plan Total Approved External Aid received External aid approved
7th Plan 1987-1992 658.49 8.62
8th Plan 1992-1997 4006.55 613.62 632
9th Plan 1997-2002 14754 4093 8724
10th Plan 2002-2007 28750 - 4904
Source Annual Financial Statistics, GOI,
relevant years
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Estimates of Foreign aid to Elementary Education
in India
(Rs. Crore)
Year External aid to elementary education Year External aid to elementary education
1992-3 4.00 2001-2 1212.34
1993-4 9.76 2002-3 1383.09
1994-5 103.33 2003-4 939.59
1995-6 215.94 2004-5 683.45
1996-7 201.62 2005-6 1996.5
1997-8 561.89 2006-7 1647
1998-9 585.3 2007-8 1677.6
1999-2000 729 2008-9 1584
2000-1 948
Aid to CSS in EE Bashir (2000), _at_aid to EE
Tilak (2008), BE for edu projects in central
Plan, expenditure budgets of GOI
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Modalities

• Phase 1
• Increasing Aid
• Many Projects
• Several Donors
• DPEP

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Distribution of Central Expenditure across
Centrally Sponsored Schemes in Elementary
Education
(per cent)
1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2002-7
Tch Tng 14.9 26.4 28.4 21.8 8.9 6.4 3.9 5.8 5.4 6.1 3.2
NFE 14.1 14.3 46.6 37.0 12.7 10.1 8.1 5.8 5.4 5.2 0.0
OB 62.0 49.9 7.8 6.1 22.3 17.8 13.3 11.1 10.2 13.5 0.2
Midday Meal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.7 51.0 47.2 51.0 51.1 39.9 20.5
DPEP (EAP) 0.0 0.0 1.5 26.5 16.7 11.7 24.7 20.1 20.4 25.2 13.9
Other EAP 0.0 0.0 7.9 5.1 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.2
Other 8.9 9.4 7.8 3.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 4.0 5.2 7.3 57.2
domestic component of SSA
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Modalities

• Phase 2
• Decline in Aid
• Shift from Project to Programme Support
• Donors Changing Role

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Summing Up

• Impact of Donors on Policy
• Why Aid?
• What of the Future?

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End

• Thank you