What You

1
What Youll Learn

• 1. Discuss ways to determine desirable weight and
  body composition.

2. Outline steps to follow for healthful weight
gain and weight loss. 3. Evaluate common
weight-loss strategies. 4. Discuss risks for
developing eating disorders.
2
What Youll Learn

• 5. Discuss facts about anorexia nervosa and
  bulimia.

6. Discuss binge eating disorder and obesity the
causes, symptoms, associated health problems, and
treatments.
3
Key Terms

• body composition
• basal metabolic rate (BMR)
• caloric intake
• caloric expenditure
• overweight
• obesity
• eating disorder
• anorexia nervosa
• bulimia

• binge eating disorder

4
Weight and Body Composition

• Weight management is a diet and exercise plan to
  maintain a desirable weight and body composition.

• Desirable weight is the weight that is healthful
  for a person.
• Body composition is the percentage of fat tissue
  and lean tissue in the body.

5
How to Determine Desirable Weight and Body
Composition

• The physician or dietitian will ask your age and
  measure your height and current weight.

• The body frame is the approximate weight and
  density of the bone structure.
• The basal metabolic rate, or BMR, is the number
  of calories the body uses at rest .

• A calorie is a unit of energy produced by food
  and used by the body.

6
How to Determine Desirable Weight and Body
Composition

• There are two kinds of body fat.

• Essential body fat is the amount of body fat
  needed for optimal health.
• Adipose tissue is fat that accumulates around
  internal organs, within muscle, and under your
  skin.

7
How to Determine Desirable Weight and Body
Composition

• How to make a weight management plan 

• A weight management plan is based on caloric
  intake and caloric expenditure.
• Caloric intake is the number of calories a
  person takes in from foods and beverages.

• Caloric expenditure is the number of calories a
  person uses for basal metabolic rate, digestion,
  and physical activity.

8
How to Determine Desirable Weight and Body
Composition

• Goal setting 

• When planning any type of goal setting, it is
  best to create a health contract or some type of
  plan.
• Set a target date to evaluate your progress,
  stating how the plan helped you accomplish your
  health goal.

9
How to Determine Desirable Weight and Body
Composition

• Decision-making skills 

• Making responsible decisions regarding your
  caloric needs can help you reach your goal.

10
Gaining Weight

• A body weight that is 10 percent or more below
  desirable body weight is underweight.

• People who are underweight may be malnourished.
• Malnutrition is a condition in which the body
  does not get the nutrients required for optimal
  health.

11
How to Gain Weight

• Teens who are underweight should have a physical
  examination to determine the cause.

• They should work with a physician and/or a
  dietitian to develop a healthful plan for weight
  gain.

12
How to Gain Weight

• How to Gain Weight Healthfully

• Increase food intake. Increase the number of
  servings from each group in the Food Guide
  Pyramid.

• Follow the Dietary Guidelines. Do not develop
  harmful eating habits that are hard to break.
• Watch eating habits and activity levels. Eat
  snacks between meals and exercise to increase
  muscle mass.

13
Gaining Weight

• Overweight is a body weight that is 10 percent or
  more than desirable body weight.

• Obesity is a body weight that is 20 percent or
  more than desirable body weight.

14
How to Lose Weight

• A physician can check for other causes of
  overweight, such as an underactive thyroid gland.

• People who are overweight and obese are at risk
  for developing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes,
  and certain cancers.

15
How to Lose Weight

• Steps to Lose Weight Healthfully

• Decrease food intake. Select low calorie foods
  and beverages from each food group.

• Follow the Dietary Guidelines. Be especially
  careful to choose low-fat and fat-free foods that
  are also low-calorie.
• Stay active. Participate in regular physical
  activity that increases BMR.
• Keep a journal. Keep a journal of food and
  beverage intake and weight loss.

16
Weight Loss Strategies

• Developing healthful eating habits is one way to
  lose weight gradually.

• Some people try other strategies for losing
  weight.

17
What to Know About Weight-Loss Strategies

• Liquid diets

• A liquid diet is a diet in which beverages are
  substituted for some or all meals.
• While on a liquid diet, a person should have
  medical supervision with blood tests at set
  intervals.
• Liquid diets sold in supermarkets and drugstores
  that do not require medical supervision can be
  dangerous.

18
What to Know About Weight-Loss Strategies

• Fad diets

• A fad diet is a quick weight-loss strategy that
  is popular for a short time.
• Some people try so many different diets that they
  never develop healthful eating habits.
• Some fad diets are dangerous.

19
What to Know About Weight-Loss Strategies

• Prescription medications

• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has
  approved prescription drugs for the treatment
  of obesity.
• An anorectic drug is a drug that decreases
  appetite and, in some cases, increases serotonin
  levels in the brain.
• Serotonin is a chemical in the body that helps
  regulate primitive drives and emotions.

20
What to Know About Weight-Loss Strategies

• Starvation diets

• A starvation diet is a dangerous method of weight
  loss in which a person severely restricts
  calories resulting in a shortage of blood
  glucose.
• The body relies on stored fat for energy and
  releases a high amount of fat into the blood.
• Fat ketosis is a condition in which excessive
  ketones are released into the blood.

21
What to Know About Weight-Loss Strategies

• Over-the-counter diet pills

• Some diet pills can be purchased without a
  prescription.
• Diet pills can be dangerous, addictive, and
  ineffective.
• Teens who use diet pills often do not get a
  balanced diet and may suffer from malnutrition.

22
What to Know About Weight-Loss Strategies

• Laxatives and diuretics 

• A laxative is a drug that helps a person have a
  bowel movement.
• A diuretic is a product that increases the amount
  of urine excreted.
• The use of laxatives or diuretics provides
  temporary weight loss because it is only fluid
  loss.
• Fluid loss can be dangerous.

23
Eating Disorders

• An eating disorder is a condition in which a
  person has a compelling need to starve, to binge,
  or to binge and purge.

• To binge is to eat large amounts of food over a
  short period of time.
• To purge is to rid the body of food by vomiting
  or by using laxatives and diuretics.
• Eating disorders are addictions.

24
Why Some Teens Are at Risk for Developing Eating
Disorders

• Emphasis on appearance

• Body image is the perception a person has of his
  or her bodys appearance.

• Teens who have a positive body image look in the
  mirror and like what they see, while teens who
  have a negative body image look in the mirror and
  are dissatisfied.
• Some teens develop a distorted body image and
  think they are fat when they are not.

25
Why Some Teens Are at Risk for Developing Eating
Disorders

• Uncomfortable with secondary sex characteristics

• During puberty, the secondary sex characteristics
  develop.
• Some teens have difficulty when these changes
  occur and may choose harmful ways to cope with
  their feelings, such as starving, bingeing, or
  purging.

26
Why Some Teens Are at Risk for Developing Eating
Disorders

• Perfectionism 

• Perfectionism a compelling need to be flawless.
• Perfectionism is the result of feeling inadequate
  and insecure.
• When teens who are perfectionists begin a diet,
  they may develop an eating disorder.

27
Why Some Teens Are at Risk for Developing Eating
Disorders

• The need to control 

• Some teens feel compelled to control every
  situation.
• As a result, they diet or exercise to extremes as
  a way to show control.

28
Why Some Teens Are at Risk for Developing Eating
Disorders

• Expression of emotions 

• Some teens are not able to express their emotions
  and substitute other behaviors for the
  healthful expression of these emotions.

29
Why Some Teens Are at Risk for Developing Eating
Disorders
Behaviors of an Eating Disorder The following
behaviors may indicate that you are at risk for
developing an eating disorder

• I constantly compare myself to others.
• I am unhappy with my physical appearance.
• I wear baggy clothes to hide my body changes
  (females).

• I felt unsafe during my childhood (from
  alcoholism, physical abuse, or sexual abuse in
  the family).
• I only feel secure when I can feel that I am in
  control of a situation.

30
Why Some Teens Are at Risk for Developing Eating
Disorders
Behaviors of an Eating Disorder The following
behaviors may indicate that you are at risk for
developing an eating disorder
I think it is disgusting to have menstrual
periods. (females)

• I do not know what to do when I feel lonely,
  frustrated, rejected, or depressed.
• I reach for food, starve, exercise, or rid myself
  of food when I am uncomfortable.

• I am never satisfied with anything I do.
• My parent or guardian is never satisfied with
  anything I do.

31
Anorexia Nervosa

• Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a
  person starves himself or herself and weighs 15
  percent or more below desirable weight.

• Anorexia nervosa, which usually is referred to as
  anorexia, is life-threatening.

32
What to Know About Anorexia

• Obsessed with being thin 

• People with anorexia do not recognize when they
  are dangerously thin.
• The disease can affect males and females, teens
  and adults.
• Many people with anorexia, especially teens, are
  obsessed with exercise and abuse laxatives,
  enemas, and diuretics.

33
What to Know About Anorexia

• Perfectionism

• Teens with anorexia often are good students and
  are obedient and respectful.
• They often set very high expectations for
  themselves and feel inadequate if these
  expectations are not met.
• To try to gain back control, they starve
  themselves.

34
What to Know About Anorexia

• Treatment for anorexia nervosa

• Treatment for anorexia involves a team of
  professionalsphysicians, nurses, dietitians, and
  mental-health professionals.
• A treatment plan is developed that deals with
  physical, mental, and emotional health problems.

35
What to Know About Anorexia
How Anorexia Nervosa Harms Health Teens with
anorexia may have

• dehydration and constipation,
• abdominal pain and nausea,
• hormonal changes,
• damage to body organs,
• decrease in heart rate and blood pressure,

• impaired immune system function,
• absence of menstruation in females,
• hair loss and malnutrition,
• negative self-confidence,
• a lack of self-respect,
• depression and an urge to withdraw.

36
Bulimia

• Bulimia is an eating disorder in which a person
  binges and purges.

• Bingeing and purging involves eating large
  amounts of food in a short period of time, then
  ridding the body of the foods.
• Teens with bulimia may vomit or use laxatives or
  diuretics to purge.

37
What to Know About Bulimia

• Bulimia is far more common than anorexia
  nervosa.

• Obsession

• People with bulimia are obsessed with their body
  shape and size.

• Negative body image

• Teens who have a negative body image are at risk
  for bulimia.
• These teens often are insecure and depressed.

38
What to Know About Bulimia

• Behaviors of teens with bulimia 

• Unlike teens with anorexia, teens with bulimia
  usually know they have a problem.
• They feel guilty and ashamed, but are unable to
  change their behavior.
• Many teens try to conceal their bulimic behavior.

39
What to Know About Bulimia

• How bulimia harms health 

• Teens with bulimia may have dissolved tooth
  enamel, tooth decay, sore gums, enlarged salivary
  glands, and swollen cheeks.
• Bulimia may cause damage to the colon, heart, and
  kidneys.

• Treatment for bulimia

• Treatment for bulimia involves a team of
  professionals who deal with physical and
  emotional health problems.

40
What to Know About Bulimia
Signs of Bulimia in Teens Teens with bulimia may

• binge in private, but eat regular amounts when
  with others,
• have one secret place in which to binge,
• steal food or hide it in a secret place,
• think about food constantly and plan each binge
  carefully,

• buy or steal special treats or meals for a
  binge,
• gulp food quickly while bingeing so as not to be
  discovered,
• steal money to purchase food, or steal from
  stores
• exercise and diet excessively between binges.

41
Binge Eating and Obesity

• Binge eating disorder is an eating disorder in
  which a person cannot control eating and eats
  excessive amounts.

• Between 2 and 5 percent of Americans experience
  binge eating disorder in a six-month period.

42
What to Know About Binge Eating Disorder and
Obesity

• Binge eating disorder is more common in females.

• Teens with this disorder turn to food as a
  substitute for coping and, after time, become
  addicted to food.
• Teens with binge eating disorder need medical and
  psychological help.

43
What to Know About Binge Eating Disorder and
Obesity

• How binge eating disorder and obesity harm
  health 

• There are many physical problems associated with
  binge eating disorder and obesity.
• They include an increased risk of developing
  cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure,
  diabetes, and certain types of cancer.
• Teens with binge eating disorder may have
  negative self-esteem, a negative body image and
  frequent bouts of depression.

44
What to Know About Binge Eating Disorder and
Obesity

• Treatment for binge eating disorder and obesity

• Treatment for binge eating disorder and obesity
  involves a team of health-care professionals who
  deal with physical and emotional problems.
• After weight loss, patients must learn new eating
  habits.
• Therapy, nutrition classes, and support groups
  are helpful.

45
Anorexia v. Bulimia Whats the Difference?
Teens with bulimia
Teens with anorexia
Are often females Are often females age 14 to
18. age 15 to 24. Are very thin. May have normal
weight. Deny their behavior. Are aware of their
behavior and feel guilty, but cannot
change. Deny they are hungry. Recognize they
are hungry and want to eat.
46
Anorexia v. Bulimia Whats the Difference?
Teens with bulimia
Teens with anorexia
Withdraw from others. May be outgoing and social.
Females do not have Females may have menstrual
periods. irregular periods. Resist treatment. Are
more likely to get help when they are
confronted with their behavior.
47
Study Guide

• 1. Match the following terms and definitions.

___ adipose tissue ___ serotonin ___
malnutrition ___ basal metabolic rate ___
diuretic
A. a condition in which the body does not get
the nutrients required for optimal health B. a
product that increases the amount of urine
excreted C. the number of calories the body uses
at rest D. a chemical in the body that helps
regulate drives and emotions E. fat that
accumulates around internal organs, within
muscle, and under your skin
E D A C B
48
Study Guide

• 2. Identify the following statements as true or
  false.
• _______ Obesity is a body weight that is 10
  percent more than desirable body weight.
• _______ Bulimia is an eating disorder in which
  a person cannot control eating and
  eats excessive amounts
• _______ People with anorexia do not recognize
  when they are dangerously thin
• _______ To lose weight, your caloric intake
  must be less than your caloric expenditure

false false true true
49
Study Guide

• 3. Identify four reasons why some teens develop
  eating disorders.

Reasons some teens develop eating disorders
include a negative or distorted body image, a
compelling need to be flawless or perfect, and a
need to show control. Some teens develop eating
disorders because they are unable to express
emotions or because they are uncomfortable with
the development of secondary sex characteristics.
50
End of the Lesson