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Introduction to Computers

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Introduction to Computers Lecture 1.1 Doug Hogan, 2003-04 Penn State University CMPSC 100 Computer Fundamentals and Applications Questions? Questions on syllabus? – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Introduction to Computers


1
Introduction to Computers
  • Lecture 1.1
  • Doug Hogan, 2003-04
  • Penn State UniversityCMPSC 100 Computer
    Fundamentals and Applications

2
Questions?
  • Questions on syllabus?

3
Office Hours
  • In 338E IST drop-in
  • Tuesday, 1-2 p.m.
  • Wednesday, 1230-130 p.m.
  • and by appointment
  • You may find me there other times too
  • Virtual on Instant Messenger (cmpsc100)
  • whenever not away
  • as requested
  • look at profile of the account

4
Attributes of Computers
  • Speed
  • Reliability
  • Accuracy
  • Storage
  • Communication

5
Applications
  • Word processing
  • Financial management
  • Shopping
  • Email
  • Entertainment
  • Many more

6
Components of a Computer
  • Central processing unit (CPU)
  • Memory
  • Input devices
  • Output devices
  • Storage devices

7
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
  • Basic job handle processing of instructions
  • Whats an instruction?
  • Two parts
  • Control Unit (CU)
  • Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

8
The ALU
  • Built up from digital logic gates
  • AND
  • OR
  • NOT
  • most primitive level

9
Memory
  • Holds programs that are currently running and the
    data being used by those programs.
  • Two categories
  • Read-only memory (ROM)
  • can only read data
  • Random-access memory (RAM)
  • can read and write information

10
Memory sizes
  • base unit 1 bit binary digit, 0 or 1
  • 8 bits 1 byte (B)
  • 1000 bytes 1 kilobyte (KB)
  • 1000 KB 1,000,000 B 1 megabyte (MB)
  • 1000 MB 1,000,000,000 B 1 gigabyte (GB)

11
Memory
  • Related data organized into files

12
Storage Devices
  • Floppy disk
  • 3.5 inches, 1.44 MB
  • Hard disk
  • typically sizes in GB
  • Compact disc (CD)
  • 650-700 MB
  • CD-ROM read-only memory
  • CD-R recordable
  • CD-RW rewritable

13
More Storage Devices
  • Digital Versitale/Video Disc (DVD)
  • 4.7 GB
  • Zip disks and tape drives
  • varies

14
Input Devices
  • mouse
  • keyboard
  • scanner
  • camera
  • microphone

15
Output Devices
  • monitor
  • cathode ray tube (CRT)
  • liquid crystal display (LCD)
  • printer
  • speakers

16
Hardware vs. Software
  • Hardware
  • essentially, things you can touch
  • input, output, storage devices
  • Software
  • essentially, what the computer knows
  • data, 0s and 1s
  • programs

17
Software Overview
  • System software
  • Controls basic operations of computer
  • The operating system
  • manages memory, files, application software
  • File management tasks deleting, etc.

18
Software Overview
  • Application software
  • Not essential to system running
  • Enables you to perform specific tasks
  • Ex
  • Office software
  • Web browsers
  • Media players
  • Games

19
Keyboard
20
Keyboard Specifics
  • CapsLock and Shift
  • NumLock and numeric keypad
  • Esc
  • Editing and navigation keys
  • insert, delete, home, end, page up, page down
  • Function keys
  • Ctrl, Alt
  • PrintScreen

21
Mouse operations buttons
  • Click left button
  • Click and drag
  • Shift-click, Ctrl-click
  • Double click
  • Triple click
  • Right click
  • Scroll wheel
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