Solubility

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Solubility
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Solubility of Solids

• Solubility
• Maximum amount of solid that is in a quantity of
  water (usually 100 g) at a certain temperature.
• Determined by
• The size of the solute crystal
• Time and amount of stirring
• Temperature

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Solubility of Solids

• Affected by the solute-solute and solute-solvent
  attraction
• Solute the substance being dissolved
• Solvent the substance that does the dissolving
• LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE

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Polarity

• Polar molecules are attracted to other polar
  molecules and to electrically charged particles.
• Non-polar substance are attracted to other
  non-polar substances
• Polar and non-polar DO NOT dissolve in each other

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Polarity

• Water is considered a polar molecule.
• Polar Molecule a molecule that has an uneven
  distribution of charge.
• There is a positive region and a negative region.

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Polarity

• Oxygen end has a higher concentration of
  electrons compared to the hydrogen end.
• (d-)

• Hydrogen is slightly more electrically positive
• (d).

O
H
H
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Polarity

• Ionic Compounds
• are crystalline or crystal like
• Crystals are held together by the unlike charges
  ( and ) that attract.

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Polarity
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Dissolving Salt

• Dissolving Salt

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Solubility Curve

• Solubility
• Units
• grams or grams
  .
• 100 g H2O 100 mL H2O

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Solubility Curve

• Characteristic of substance
• Each substance has a different maximum amount
  that will dissolve.
• Solubility Curve
• Shows a solution in which the solvent contains as
  much solute as possible at a certain temperature.
  

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Solubility Curve
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Solubility Curves

• Line of Saturation
• The point when the solution is saturated

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Solubility Curves

• Unsaturated Solution
• Contains less dissolved solute than the solvent
  can normally hold at that temperature.
• Anywhere below the line of saturation

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Solubility Curves

• Super Saturated Solution
• Solution that contains more solute than can
  usually be dissolved at that temperature
• Anywhere above the line of saturation

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Solubility Curves

• Sample Problem 1
• At 45C, how much potassium nitrate will dissolve
  in 100 g of water to form a saturated solution?
• Answer 73 g

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Solubility Curves

• Sample Problem 2
• If at 60C you put 80g of potassium nitrate in
  100 g of water, what is the level of saturation
  for this solution?

Answer Unsaturated
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Solubility Curves

• Sample Problem 3
• How much sodium chloride is needed for a
  saturated solution at 75C in 200 g of water?
• Answer 80 g