4. Regulation- The Endocrine - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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4. Regulation- The Endocrine

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Pituitary gland Master gland of body When change in homeostasis is detected, ... Pituitary gland is located beneath the hypothalamus; ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: 4. Regulation- The Endocrine


1
4. Regulation- The Endocrine Nervous System
2
  • Most of the time the endocrine and nervous
    systems work together to maintain homeostasis
    within the body.
  • --The endocrine system is the collection of
    glands, which secrete hormones that regulate
    metabolism, growth and development, sexual
    function, reproduction, sleep and mood, among
    other things.

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vHrMi4GikWwQ
3
  • Major Glands of the Endocrine system
  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroid
  • Adrenal
  • Pancreas
  • Ovaries/Testes

4
Hypothalamus
  • It is the portion of the brain that connects the
    endocrine and nervous systems.
  • -- Receives messages from other areas of the
    brain and from internal organs.

5
Pituitary gland
  • Master gland of body
  • When change in homeostasis is detected, the
    hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland.
  • -- Pituitary gland is located beneath the
    hypothalamus it releases its own chemicals or
    stimulate other glands to release them.
  • -- Exs)
  • thyroid stimulating hormone
  • growth hormone (Somatotropin)
  • Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation
  • ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone
  • Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin
    in skin
  • ADH- antidiuretic hormone

6
  • Defects from pituitary gland
  • Giantism- over secretion of somatotropin before
    puberty
  • Dwarfism- under secretion of somatotropin. Cause
    tumor, injury, infection, genetics
  • Diabetes insipidus- decreased ADH

7
  • Thyroid- produces hormones that control
    metabolism and calcium in blood.
  • Thyroid gland must have any source of iodine
  • Defects of thyroid gland
  • goiter- not enough iodine
  • hyperthyroidism
  • hypothyroidism

8
  • Adrenal glands
  • Located just above the kidney
  • Secretes many hormones
  • Epinephrine
  • Norepinephrine
  • Many steroid hormones, inc estrogen and
    androgens.

9
  • Pancreas-
  • Pancreatic juices into the intestine
  • secretes insulin, a hormone that transports
    glucose into cells.
  • Also secretes glucagon- increases glucose in
    bloodstream
  • DefectsDiabetes (already talked about)

10
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11
Nervous System
  • Functions
  • Internal Control
  • Communicate with environment and all cells of the
    body
  • Maintain homeostasis!

http//www.5min.com/Video/Learn-about-The-Brain-an
d-Central-Nervous-System-117566656
12
Nervous System
  • Organs/Structures
  • The basic unit of the nervous system is the
    neuron, or nerve cell.
  • Neurons- conduct impulses throughout the nervous
    system
  • Neurons have 3 regions
  • Dendritesbranchlike, receives impulses
  • Axon carries impulses away from cell and towards
    other neurons, muscles or glands
  • Cell Body main cell

13
Connections between Neurons
  • Neurons dont actually touch.
  • A space called a Synapse lies between the
    dendrite and axon.
  • Chemicals called Neurotransmitters travel across
    the synaptic space where they lock onto
    receptors.

14
Nervous System
  • Neurons fall into 3 Categories
  • Sensory neurons- from body to spinal cord and
    brain
  • 2. Interneurons- brain and spinal cord.
    Processes impulses and respond by sending
    impulses onto motor neurons
  • Motor Neurons- carry response away from brain and
    spinal cord to a muscle or gland
  • Ex) Tapping someone on the shoulder. What happens?

15
F. Nervous System
  • Myelin Sheath- insulates the axon helping speed
    up nerve impulses
  • Central Nervous System (CNS)- Brain and spinal
    cord
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)- all the nerves
    that branch off the spinal cord

16
Anatomy of the brain
  • Brain control center for the entire nervous
    system.
  • -- Divided into 3 sections
  • 1) Cerebrum
  • 2)Cerebellum
  • 3) Brain stem

17
Anatomy of the brain
  • Cerebrum- 2 hemispheres connected by bundles of
    nerves. Outer surface is cerebral cortex, which
    increases surface area.
  • ----intelligence, memory, language, skeletal
    muscle movement, senses controlled by this.
  • Cerebellum- Back of brain controls your balance,
    posture and coordination.
  • Brain Stem- made up of
  • medulla oblongata- controls involuntary
    activities such as breathing and heart rate.
  • Pons- midbrain- act as pathways connecting
    various parts of the brain with each other.

18
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20
  • Scientific Left Handed Facts
  • Make up between 5 and 10 of the population
    (depending on who you ask)
  • More likely to have allergies
  • More prone to migraines
  • More likely to be insomniacs
  • More likely to be on extreme poles of the
    intelligence scale
  • Tend to reach puberty 4 to 5 months later than
    right handers
  • Twice as likely to be a man
  • Better at 3D perception and thinking
  • Better at multi-tasking
  • Live on average 9 years less than right handed
    people

21
  • Draw figures facing to the right
  • Recover from strokes faster
  • More likely to pursue creative careers
  • Of the seven most recent U.S Presidents, 4 have
    been left handed
  • Left handed college graduates go on to become 26
    richer than right handed graduates
  • On a QWERTY keyboard there are 1447 English words
    typed solely with the left hand, whilst only 187
    are typed with the right hand.

22
Injury/Diseases of the Nervous System
  • Multiple Sclerosis- myelin sheath surround nerve
    in the brain and spinal cord are damaged
  • Spinal Cord Injury- loss of functions as mobility
    of feeling
  • Trauma- car accidents, gunshot, falls, etc

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vqgySDmRRzxY
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