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Universal Design for Learning: Assistive Technology and eLearning

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Title: Universal Design for Learning: Assistive Technology and eLearning


1
Universal Design for Learning Assistive
Technology and eLearning

2
Last Week
3
Universal Design for Learning
  • From last weeks class we know that different
    students learn in different ways.
  • How can we accommodate the many ways that they
    have of learning ?
  • Clearly the more diverse our range of
    instructional methods, the more types of students
    we will be able to address.

4
Universal Design for Learning
  • If we were relying on the print medium alone,
    this flexibility would be very difficult, but
    with the additional of new media, it is possible
    to provide a wider range of flexibility.
  • Such software already exists but is aimed at
    assistive technology (AT).

5
Assistive Technology
  • For some students AT is a requirement for
    learning, because they cannot function without
    it.
  • But the same AT devices can be used as learning
    supports for all students in the class.
  • This realization means that students who have
    specific learning preferences can be accommodated
    using these devices.

6
Assistive Technology in Writing
  • Writing is a complex task that required the
    integration of a number of different skills.
  • The writer must generate ideas, organize these
    ideas and write sentences and paragraphs
  • Students may be
  • Bad spellers
  • Illegible handwriting
  • Difficulties composing sentences

7
Assistive Technology in Writing
  • The mechanics of writing includes
  • Automatic letter formation
  • Use of space
  • Basic spelling
  • Capitalization
  • Punctuation
  • Speed
  • Clarity of expression
  • Appropriate grammar

8
Assistive Technology in Writing
  • Lo-Tech Aids can include
  • Raised lined paper
  • Pencil grips
  • Slant boards
  • Ergonomic pens

9
Assistive Technology in Writing
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Talking Word Processors
  • To help students monitor their writing
  • Intellitalk 2 3
  • Writeout Loud
  • Read and Write Gold

10
Assistive Technology in Writing
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Word Predication programs
  • For students with fine motor control issues
  • And with vocabulary problems
  • CoWriter 4000
  • Gus Communications
  • Telepathic 2000

11
Assistive Technology in Writing
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Speech Recognition programs
  • For students with fine motor control issues
  • And with physical disabilities
  • Dragon Naturally Speaking
  • iListen
  • Abasoft-Talking

12
Assistive Technology in Composition of Thoughts
  • Many writers have difficulty with the pre-writing
    organization of ideas, how they fit together and
    how to write them well.

13
Assistive Technology in Composition of Thoughts
  • Lo-Tech Aids can include
  • Organizing thoughts
  • Flow-charting
  • Task analysis
  • Webbing
  • Networking ideas
  • Outlining strategies

14
Assistive Technology in Composition of Thoughts
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Organizing thoughts
  • Kidspiration
  • Inspiration
  • Draft Builder

15
Assistive Technology in Composition of Thoughts
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Multimedia Writing programs
  • Ultimate Writing and Creativity Centre
  • Imagination Express Destination Series
  • Kid Works Deluxe

16
Assistive Technology in Composition of Thoughts
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Note Taking programs
  • Writing disability
  • AlphaSmart
  • DreamWriter

17
Assistive Technology in Reading
  • A good reader must be strong in
  • Alphabetics
  • Mastery of the alphabet
  • Understanding the relationships between letters
    and words
  • Syllables and phonemes
  • Identify letter sounds
  • Sound out words
  • Fluency
  • Read connected words rapidly, smoothly and
    automatically
  • A good vocabulary

18
Assistive Technology in Reading
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Development of Alphabetics
  • Picture symbols
  • BoardMaker
  • Simon Sounds It Out
  • Fast ForWork Language Basics
  • Read, Write Type

19
Assistive Technology in Reading
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Development of Fluency
  • Taped Books and Talking Storybooks
  • Reading for the Blind and Dyslexic Organization
  • Living Books
  • Start-to-Finish Books

20
Assistive Technology in Reading
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Reading Comprehension
  • Kurzweil 3000
  • IntelliTools Reading
  • www.readwritethink.org

21
Assistive Technology in Maths
  • Mathematics problems are wide and varied and can
    include
  • Difficulty processing language
  • Visual spatial confusion
  • Inability to develop number sense

22
Assistive Technology in Maths
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Language processing problems
  • Including terminology confusion
  • Following verbal explanations
  • Managing steps of complex calculations
  • Blocks in Motion
  • IntelliMathics

23
Assistive Technology in Maths
  • Lo-Tech Aids can include
  • Visual spatial confusion
  • Inability to symbolically or visually represent
    or code numerical information (e.g. confuse 6 and
    9)
  • Abacus

24
Assistive Technology in Maths
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Visual spatial confusion
  • Inability to symbolically or visually represent
    or code numerical information (e.g. confuse 6 and
    9)
  • Mathpad Plus Fractions and Decimals

25
Assistive Technology in Maths
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Development of Number Sense
  • Understanding what numbers mean
  • Cruncher 2.0
  • The Graph Club
  • EdMark Calculator Collection

26
Assistive Technology in Communications
  • Communications can be delayed or interrupted by
    disabilities, including
  • Language and Speech
  • Hearing

27
Assistive Technology in Communications
  • Lo-Tech Aids can include
  • Expressive Language
  • Greetings, making choices, social interaction
  • Picture communication boards
  • Choice boards
  • Alphabet boards
  • Eye gaze boards

28
Assistive Technology in Communications
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Expressive Language
  • Greetings, making choices, social interaction
  • Voice Output Devices
  • Cheap Talk
  • Step-by-Step Communicator
  • The BigMac
  • The Alpha Talker

29
Assistive Technology in Communications
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Expressive Language
  • Greetings, making choices, social interaction
  • Other Communication Devices
  • Prentorm Vanguard
  • Dynavox
  • Speaking Dynamically Pro
  • EZ Keys

30
Assistive Technology in Communications
  • Lo-Tech Aids can include
  • Receptive Language
  • Remembering instructions, problems with rate,
    complexity or amount of spoken instruction
  • Real objects
  • Photographs
  • Picture symbols

31
Assistive Technology in Communications
  • Hi-Tech Aids can include
  • Receptive Language
  • Remembering instructions, problems with rate,
    complexity or amount of spoken instruction
  • Picture It - Slater Software
  • Laureate First Words

32
Tools we have looked at
  • Writing
  • Talking Word Processors
  • Word Predication programs
  • Speech Recognition programs
  • Composition of Thoughts
  • Organization of Thoughts
  • Mindmapping Tools
  • Multimedia Writing programs
  • Notetaking Programs
  • Reading
  • Development of Alphabetics (picture symbols)
  • Fluency (Audio books)
  • Reading Comprehension
  • Maths
  • Difficulty processing language
  • Visual spatial confusion
  • Inability to develop number sense
  • Communications
  • Expressive Language

33
Instructional Episodes to support learning
(Recognition)
  • We have a vast array of patterns collected in our
    culture
  • On topics like Maths, science, geography,
    geology, etc.
  • But since all students are not on an equal
    footing when it comes to recognising such
    patterns, we need to differentiate.

34
Instructional Episodes to support learning
(Recognition)
  • We can provide multiple examples
  • The more examples we give the better a student
    will understand things
  • Highlight critical features
  • Good teachers explicitly highlight the critical
    features of a pattern to help students
  • Provide Multiple Media formats
  • With varying degree of depth and detail, students
    will figure out what works best for them
  • Support Background Knowledge
  • Get students to relate new material to things
    they already know

35
Instructional Episodes to support learning
(Strategic)
  • Show them bad examples as well as good
  • So that they can recognise and develop their own
    patterns
  • Provide practice with support
  • If its a complex task, let them focus on
    subtasks and scaffold around that
  • Provide ongoing feedback
  • Let them listen to what they have typed
  • Get student to demonstrate skills
  • Pianists perform recitals, students can use tools
    to create posters, with papers, etc.

36
Some Terms
  • Open Source
  • Freeware
  • Shareware
  • Adandonware
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