Matter can cycle through the biosphere because biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it.

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Cycles

• Matter can cycle through the biosphere because
  biological systems do not use up matter, they
  transform it.
• Matter is Recycled within and between the
  ecosystems.
• Matter is assembles into living tissues or passed
  out of the body as waste.
• Just think, with every breath you take, you
  inhale hundreds of oxygen atoms that might have
  been inhaled by dinosaurs millions of years ago!!

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The Water Cycle

• Plants and animals need water to live
• Natural processes constantly recycle water
  throughout the environment
• Animals breathe out water vapor, return water to
  the environment through urination
• Plants pull water from the ground and lose water
  from their leaves through transpiration

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• 21 The diagram shows physical changes that
• occur in the water cycle. Which of these shows
• condensation?
• A Q
• B R
• C S
• D T

Precipitation
Run Off of ground water
Evaporation
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The Carbon Cycle

• All life on earth is based on carbon. Carbon is a
  key ingredient of living tissue.
• Begins during photosynthesis in which CO2 gas is
  converted to carbon molecules
• Carbon molecules are then used for energy and
  growth
• As heterotrophs eat plants, they also gain this
  energy from carbon
• When the carbon is used, CO2 is released and
  returned to the atmosphere

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Carbon Cycle

• Glucose C6H12O6 is produced by plants, eaten by
  animals.
• Photosynthesis
• Animals and plants exhale CO2 which is taken in
  by plants to make glucose
• Cellular Respiration

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Nitrogen Cycle

• Lightening and bacteria in the ground fix
  Nitrogen into a form usable by plants.
• It is absorbed by plants, through their roots as
  nitrates, so they can be used to build amino
  acids essential for building proteins, enzymes
  and the nitrogen bases of DNA.

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Phosphorus Cycle

• All organisms require phosphorus for growth
• Phosphorus cycles in two ways
• In the short term cycle, phosphorus is found in
  plants, animals eat plants, they die, and the
  phosphorus returns to the soil
• In the long term cycle, phosphorus is washed into
  the sea and is incorporated into rock

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Another version for cycles

• WILL REWRITE

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Biochemical Cycles(Nutrient Cycles)

• The paths of water, carbon, nitrogen, and
  phosphorous pass from the nonliving environment
  to living organisms and then back to the
  nonliving environment

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Water Cycle

• Ground Water water retained beneath the surface
  of the Earth
• Evaporation water is heated by the sun and
  reenters the atmosphere
• Transpiration water is drawn from stomata in
  leaves of plants

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• Water that is not evaporated travels from plants
  to the atmosphere through transpiration and
  returns to the Earth as rain.

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Carbon Cycle

• Respiration carbon dioxide is given off as a
  byproduct of cellular respiration
• Combustion carbon is released when fossil fuels
  are burned
• Erosion Shells of dead organisms (made of
  calcium carbonate) form limestone. As limestone
  erodes, carbon becomes available for other
  organisms

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Nitrogen Cycle

• 79 of the atmosphere is Nitrogen
• Most organisms cannot use Nitrogen in its
  atmospheric form
• Nitrogen Fixation a few bacteria (found in the
  soil and on roots of some plants) have enzymes
  that will break down atmospheric nitrogen and
  form ammonia

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• Assimilation absorption and incorporation of
  nitrogen into plant and animal compounds
• Ammonification the production of ammonia by
  bacteria during the decay of nitrogen-containing
  urea
• Nitrification the production of nitrate from
  ammonia
• Denitrification the conversion of nitrate to
  nitrogen gas

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Phosphorous Cycle

• Phosphorous used in ATP and DNA
• Phosphorous in rock dissolves in water and is
  absorbed by plants

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Renewable vs Nonrenewable Resources

• Nonrenewable Do not replenish themselves
  naturally
• Renewable Replenish themselves naturally

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Ways to Conserve Nonrenewable Resources

• Alternative Fuels
• Recycling (reduce, reuse, recycle)