11 May 2006, 9h00-18h00

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Development and Sustainability in the WTO Fishery
Subsidies Negotiations Issues and Alternatives
Session 1 KEY OBJECTIVES AND THEIR LOCATION IN
THE NEGOTIATIONS David K. Schorr

• 11 May 2006, 9h00-18h00
• International Environment House 1, Room 3
• 13 chemin des Anémones, Geneva, Switzerland

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What are we here to talk about . . . ?
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Article 27
Patently at Risk
Market Integration
de minimis
Competition
phase in
Artisanal Fishing
Food Security
Development
Sustainability
Subsistence
Special Differential Treatment
Growth
Infant Industry
Livelihoods
Rural Communities
Access Agreements
phase out
POLICIES
INTERESTS
PROGRAMMES
RULES
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Article 27
Patently at Risk
CONTEXTS?
Market Integration
de minimis
Competition
phase in
Artisanal Fishing
Food Security
Development
Sustainability
Subsistence
IN COMMON?? IN TENSION??
Special Differential Treatment
Growth
Infant Industry
Livelihoods
Rural Communities
Access Agreements
phase out
POLICIES
INTERESTS
PROGRAMMES
RULES
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(No Transcript)
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Note this data, from Thorpe (FAO 2005) is
presented to illustrate the diversity of national
contexts only no endorsement of the data or
analysis is intended
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Note this data from Thorpe (FAO 2005) is
presented to illustrate the diversity of national
contexts only no endorsement of the data or
analysis is intended
8
Note this data, from Thorpe (FAO 2005) is
presented to illustrate the diversity of national
contexts only no endorsement of the data or
analysis is intended
9
Note this data from Thorpe (FAO 2005) is
presented to illustrate the diversity of national
contexts only no endorsement of the data or
analysis is intended
10
Note this data, from Thorpe (FAO 2005) is
presented to illustrate the diversity of national
contexts only no endorsement of the data or
analysis is intended
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CONTEXTS?
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INTERESTS?
IN COMMON?? IN TENSION??

• . . . Clearly both . . . but
• General strategic interests at WTO seem shared
  more than different contexts might imply . . .
• The tensions that do exist are not always
  international . . . But often raise questions of
  domestic policy coherence

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General Interests
WHAT? HOW? LIVELIHOODS ACCESS .
. . TO SOCIAL SAFETY NET CAPITAL
TECHNOLOGY MARKETS EMPLOYMENT . . .
AND RESOURCES (FISHERIES) FOOD
SECURITY DEVELOPMENT PREFERENTIAL COMPETITION
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General Interests
WHAT? HOW? LIVELIHOODS ACCESS .
. . TO SOCIAL SAFETY NET CAPITAL
TECHNOLOGY MARKETS EMPLOYMENT . . .
AND RESOURCES (FISHERIES) FOOD
SECURITY DEVELOPMENT COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
(OR REMOVAL OF DISADVANGAGES!)
These basic interests seem widely shared . .
. . . . but their programmatic
implications vary substantially per context and
policy preferences
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General Interests
WHAT? HOW? LIVELIHOODS ACCESS .
. . TO SOCIAL SAFETY NET CAPITAL
TECHNOLOGY MARKETS EMPLOYMENT . . .
AND RESOURCES (FISHERIES) FOOD
SECURITY DEVELOPMENT COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
(OR REMOVAL OF DISADVANGAGES!)
These basic interests seem widely shared . .
. . . . but their programmatic
implications vary substantially per context and
policy preferences
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These basic interests seem widely shared . .
. . . . but their programmatic
implications vary substantially per context and
policy preferences

• For example
• access arrangements may be part of a
  fisheries industry development strategy . . . or
  not!
• social safety nets may aim to smooth very
  different transitions
• . . . e.g., to a smaller industry or a larger
  one
• . . . from labor to capital intensive
• . . . from domestic to international markets

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These basic interests seem widely shared . .
. . . . but their programmatic
implications vary substantially per context and
policy preferences
Another good example . . . the discussion of
Artisanal Fishing (see UNEP
paper)
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Table 1 Elements of a Definition of Artisanal
Fishing
Category Definitional Elements Typical Examples
Physical Attributes Vessel type Canoe, dory
Physical Attributes Vessel size Short (e.g., lt 10m) light
Physical Attributes Vessel motor Unmotorized or small engine
Pattern of Fishing Fishing gear/technique Manual or small nets passive low tech
Pattern of Fishing Location of land base Rural
Pattern of Fishing Location of fishery In-shore
Pattern of Fishing Target type Multi-species
Social Structure Of fishery Traditional (clan or community)
Social Structure Of fishing enterprise Family crew, owner on board
Economic Condition Market orientation Direct consumption or local market
Economic Condition Income level Subsistence or very poor

Based on Schorr, Artisanal Fishing Promoting
Poverty Reduction and Community Development
Through New WTO Rules on Fisheries Subsidies
(UNEP 2006)
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Table 1 Elements of a Definition of Artisanal
Fishing
Category Definitional Elements Typical Examples
Physical Attributes Vessel type Canoe, dory . . . or a trawler . . .
Physical Attributes Vessel size Short (e.g., lt 10m) light . . . or big . . .
Physical Attributes Vessel motor Unmotorized or small engine or powerful
Pattern of Fishing Fishing gear/technique Manual or small nets passive low tech . . . or using GSP, winches, sonor . . .
Pattern of Fishing Location of land base Rural . . . or city-based . . .
Pattern of Fishing Location of fishery In-shore . . . or off-shore . . .
Pattern of Fishing Target type Multi-species . . . or single species . . .
Social Structure Of fishery Traditional (clan or community) . . . or corporate . . .
Social Structure Of fishing enterprise Family crew, owner on board . . .
Economic Condition Market orientation Direct consumption or local market . . .
Economic Condition Income level Subsistence or very poor . . .

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Table 1 Elements of a Definition of Artisanal
Fishing
Category Definitional Elements Typical Examples
Physical Attributes Vessel type Canoe, dory . . . or a trawler . . .
Physical Attributes Vessel size Short (e.g., lt 10m) light . . . or big . . .
Physical Attributes Vessel motor Unmotorized or small engine or powerful
Pattern of Fishing Fishing gear/technique Manual or small nets passive low tech . . . or using GSP, winches, sonor . . .
Pattern of Fishing Location of land base Rural . . . or city-based . . .
Pattern of Fishing Location of fishery In-shore . . . or off-shore . . .
Pattern of Fishing Target type Multi-species . . . or single species . . .
Social Structure Of fishery Traditional (clan or community) . . . or corporate . . .
Social Structure Of fishing enterprise Family crew, owner on board . . .
Economic Condition Market orientation Direct consumption or local market . . .
Economic Condition Income level Subsistence or very poor . . .
Industrial Artisanal Fishing??

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INTERESTS?
IN COMMON?? IN TENSION??

• . . . Clearly both . . . but
• General strategic interests at WTO seem shared
  more than different contexts might imply . . .
• The tensions that do exist are not always
  international . . . But often raise questions of
  domestic policy coherence

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Challenges to Policy Coherence
OFFENSIVE / DEFENSIVE TRADE POLICY GOALS Seeking
preferential competition AND an even playing
field? (including where S-S competition
matters) DEVELOPMENT (GROWTH) SUSTAINABILITY
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Challenges to Policy Coherence
OFFENSIVE / DEFENSIVE TRADE POLICY GOALS Seeking
preferential competition AND an even playing
field? (including where S-S competition
matters) DEVELOPMENT (GROWTH)
SUSTAINABILITY (especially if industrialization
and/or industry growth is desired)
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SO WHAT??
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• The task we face . . . DRAFTING RULES
• So far, concrete proposals on developing country
  interests have been relatively few, and often
  vague
• The technical discussion has floated among
  several rule elements
• SDT
• Artisanal Fishing (and small scale?)
• Access agreements (definition of a subsidy)
• Diverse interests have been reflected in a common
  and imprecise vocabulary.
• THE BIG CHALLENGE STRIKING THE RIGHT BALANCE

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• The task we face . . . DRAFTING RULES
• So far, concrete proposals on developing country
  interests have been relatively few, and mostly
  vague
• The technical discussion has floated among
  several rule elements
• SDT
• Artisanal Fishing (and small scale?)
• Access agreements (definition of a subsidy)
• Diverse interests have been reflected in a common
  and imprecise vocabulary.
• THE BIG CHALLENGE STRIKING THE RIGHT BALANCE

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THE BIG CHALLENGE STRIKING THE RIGHT BALANCE

• . . . which requires a careful articulation of
  what is at stake . . .
• . . . THUS . . . this workshop invites
  delegations to work from interests to text,
  rather than reacting to text based on interests .
  . .
• . . . And so, this first session opens with the
  questions
• What are the specific development and
  sustainability objectives of governments in these
  negotiations?
• What kind of programmes or policies are currently
  in place, or are envisioned for the future, to
  meet these objectives? Specific examples?
• What are the key technical questions that most
  need answering in order to achieve the desired
  outcome?

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Thanks for your attention!!