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RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST

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RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST A. Seimenis, D.V.M. Director, WHO/Mediterranean Zoonoses Control Centre ATHENS, GREECE mzcc_at_ath.forthnet.gr, www.mzcp-zoonoses.gr – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST


1
RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST
  • A. Seimenis, D.V.M.
  • Director, WHO/Mediterranean Zoonoses Control
    Centre
  • ATHENS, GREECE
  • mzcc_at_ath.forthnet.gr, www.mzcp-zoonoses.gr

2
RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST (ME)
  • Endemic in most countries of the ME
  • Mediterranean (southern and eastern) littoral
    countries with common climatic, geographical,
    socio-cultural, epidemiological characteristics
  • Serious public health problems.

1
3
RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST
  • DOG main source of human infection
  • CATS second most important source followed by
    other domestic animals and wild life
  • WILDLIFE red fox, jackals, wolves, etc.

2
4
RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST
  • Rabies in Humans approximately 300 reported
    cases annually
  • Post-exposure treatment several hundreds of
    thousands
  • Most cases in EGYPT, IRAQ, IRAN, PAKISTAN,
    SUDAN, YEMEN

3
5
RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST
  • Rabies in Animals part only of cases are
    reported
  • Laboratory confirmation upon restricted number of
    cases only
  • Growing problem for certain countries, e.g. YEMEN
  • Rabies in wildlife growing public health problem
  • Wild animals population (red fox, jackals) on
    increase

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6
RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST
  • Epidemiological surveillance NOT well established
  • Data NOT always reliable
  • No regular laboratory confirmation
  • Correlation between DOG and WILDLIFE rabies
    difficult

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7
RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST
  • Difficulties for efficient control programmes
  • Control activities based on stray dog elimination
    and voluntary individual vaccination
  • Cell-culture vaccines and immunoglobulins for
    human post-exposure treatment
  • Dog mass vaccination campaigns never performed
  • Lack of dog population estimates
  • Dog vaccination rate not estimable

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8
RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST
  • Rabies control failure due to
  • Weak infrastructures
  • Inappropriate control strategies
  • Lack of sustainable resources and workforce
  • Weak laboratory diagnosis support
  • Lack of intersectoral collaboration
  • Population socio-cultural factors
  • Weak community awareness.

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9
RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST
  • Wildlife rabies control-no activities
  • Need for
  • Ecological studies for target animals
  • Vaccination strategy to be developed
  • Live vaccine strain/high temperatures relation to
    be evaluated
  • Trained personnel
  • Adequate funding
  • Intercountry agreements.

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RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST
  • Weaknesses of various kind infrastructures, no
    co-operation, funds, personnel, etc.), should NOT
    BE ACCEPTABLE as they maintain DESPERATE HUMAN
    SUFFERING from preventable zoonoses,

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Thank you.
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