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Conquest and Colonies

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Conquest and Colonies A Spanish Empire The Caribbean Islands was found by Columbus Many wanted a encomienda system- A colonist was given a certain amount of land and ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Conquest and Colonies


1
Conquest and Colonies
2
A Spanish Empire
  • The Caribbean Islands was found by Columbus
  • Many wanted a encomienda system- A colonist was
    given a certain amount of land and number of
    Natives to work the land. In exchange they would
    have to teach Christianity.

3
Encomienda Disaster
  • Overwork and mistreatment took a toll on the
    natives. The Europeans spread Smallpox,
    tuberculosis, measles, and other diseases.
  • Millions died because they lacked immunities.

4
The Conquest of Mexico
  • Hernan Cortes- led an expedition to Mexico that
    ended with the conquest of the Aztec Empire.
  • Conquistadors
  • Moctezuma II
  • Tenochtitlan

5
Why the Spanish defeat the Aztecs
  • Disease
  • Malintzin
  • Metal Weapons and heavy armor
  • Soldiers on horses
  • They took Moctezuma prisoner
  • Battle erupted Moctezuma was killed
  • Cortes takes city and entire Aztec Empire

6
The Conquest of Peru
  • Francisco Pizarro- Destroyed the Inca Empire
  • Smallpox killed many including the Emperor
  • A Civil War broke out after the Emperors Death.
  • Atahualpa was the new leader
  • Pizarro demanded that Atahualpa accept
    Christianity and turn over empire to Spain in
    1532.

7
  • Viceroys- Officials to govern the American
    holdings by the Spanish.
  • Economy was based on mining of gold and silver
    and farming
  • Native Americans were forced to do the labor
  • The populations in the New World dropped from 50
    million to 4 million (disease/mistreatment).
  • Bartolome de Las Casas- Wanted Africans over
    Natives (did this to protect Natives)

8
The Portuguese in Brazil
  • The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494- drew an
    imaginary line through the Atlantic. Anything
    west would belong to Spain. Everything to the
    East would be Portuguese. Only Brazil remained a
    Portuguese territory.

9
Other Countries
  • They were brought in because of the lure of Gold
    and Silver
  • New France- Canada. No Gold, but good trade, Fox,
    lynx, otter, beaver, and fish.
  • Many French married the Native American Women.
  • Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec in 1608
  • 1682 -Rene-Robert La Salle- claimed the
    Mississippi region- Louisiana (after King Louis
    XIV)

10
The Dutch of New Netherlands
  • Only large Dutch colony was New Netherland (by
    Hudson River)
  • 1626 - bought the island of Manhattan from the
    Wappinger people.
  • They founded New Amsterdam which became NYC
  • Very focused on developing in other countries so
    slow to develop in America. They were producing
    sugar in the Caribbean and spices from southeast
    Asia.

11
English Colonies
  • 1st English colony Jamestown, VA in 1607- 80
    died of diseases in water
  • Pilgrims of 1620- they were persecuted in England
    for their religious beliefs (Plymouth, MASS).
    Self-sufficient in 5 years.
  • They received aid from Natives, but most
    colonists viewed them with distrust

12
  • British-French Conflict- Ohio River Valley
    Tension
  • Mid 1700s English colonists tried to settle in
    French territory
  • War broke out in 1754
  • English v. French and Natives helped both sides
  • Thats why English named it French Indian War
  • French had more soldiers, but British took
    Quebec. French surrendered and gave England,
    Canada and all French land east of Mississippi
    River
  • What happened next?
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