Observational Learning - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Observational Learning

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Compared with children NOT exposed to the adult model, those who observed the adult model s aggressive outburst were much more likely to lash out at the doll. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Observational Learning


1
Observational Learning
2
Learning occurs not only by conditioning but by
observing others
3
  • Observational learning? learning by observing
    others and imitating their behavior
  • Modeling? the process of observing and imitating
    a specific behavior
  • Monkey see, monkey do
  • Humans have a strong tendency to imitate
    behavior.
  • Memes? transmitted cultural elements such as
    ideas, fashions, and habits that travel by
    imitation

4
  • Mirror Neurons? provide a neural basis for
    observational learning? frontal lobe neurons that
    fire when performing certain actions or when
    observing another doing so
  • The brains mirroring of anothers actions may
    enable imitation, language learning and empathy
  • Ex.- We find it harder to frown when viewing a
    smile than when viewing a frown.

5
Banduras experiment
  • Preschool children observed adults beating a Bobo
    doll- Adults were pounding, kicking, and throwing
    a large inflated Bobo doll around the room, while
    yelling such remarks as, Sock him in the nose
    Hit him down Kick him.
  • Children were later given the opportunity to play
    with the Bobo doll. Compared with children NOT
    exposed to the adult model, those who observed
    the adult models aggressive outburst were much
    more likely to lash out at the doll. Children
    imitated the very acts they had observed and used
    the words they heard.

6
(No Transcript)
7
  • What determines whether we will imitate a model?
  • Reinforcements and punishments? We learn to
    anticipate a behaviors consequences in
    situations like those we are observing.
  • We are especially likely to imitate those we
    perceive as similar to ourselves
  • We imitate those that are successful.
  • We imitate people we admire.

8
Applications of Observational Learning
  • Antisocial models- in ones family or
    neighborhood, or on TV- may have antisocial
    effects.
  • Copycat threats or incidents in every state
    after Columbine High School massacre
  • Abusive parents might have aggressive children
  • Many men who beat their wives had wife-battering
    fathers
  • Intergenerational transmission of abuse or
    violence

9
  • Positive behavior can also be learned through
    observational learning.
  • Prosocial (positive, helpful, constructive)
    models can have prosocial behavior.
  • People who exemplify nonviolent, helpful behavior
    can prompt similar behavior in others
  • Martin Luther King, Jr. made non-violent action a
    powerful force of social change through modeling

10
Models are most effective when their actions
and words are consistent.
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