Unit: SE Asia/Middle East Topic: Modern Iran and Iraq

1
Unit SE Asia/Middle EastTopic Modern Iran and
Iraq
2
(No Transcript)
3
1. OPEC
4

1. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
   was created in 1973 to control how much oil was
   sold and raise prices.

5

1. The Suez Canal is an important link for OPEC to
   sell its oil overseas.

6

1. The 1973 oil crisis (October March) was due to
   the U.S. support of Israel during the Yom Kippur
   War.

7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9

1. OPEC decided not to sell oil to the U.S., which
   greatly impacted EVERYTHING.

10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
2. The Iranian Revolution (1979)
13

1. Because of its oil, Iran became a focus of both
   the U.S. and Soviet Union.

14

1. Shah Reza Pahlavi had U.S. backing and modernized
   and Westernized Iran.
2. Many opposed him because Iran was not an Islamic
   state.

15

1. The Shah was overthrown by the Ayatollah Khomeini
   in 1979.

16
3. Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini (1979-1989)
17

1. The Ayatollah proclaimed Iran to be an Islamic
   state.
2. All Western ideas were banned, and hatred for the
   U.S. was fostered with the Tehran embassy hostage
   crisis.

18
Islamic States

• Iran
• Pakistan
• Afghanistan
• Mauritania

19
The Ayatollah died in 1989 of a heart attack.
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
4. Protests
23

1. Khomeinis death brought the restoration of some
   political and social freedoms.
2. There were student protests in favor of further
   reform in the late 90s and 2000s.

24
5. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
25

1. President of Iran since 2005, he hates the U.S.
   and Israel.

26

• He has refused to end Irans nuclear program
  despite repeated warnings, claiming it is for
  peaceful purposes.

27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29

• We don't have homosexuals like in your country.
  We don't have that in our country. We don't have
  this phenomenon I don't know who's told you we
  have it.

30
Ahmadinejad on Campus
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
(No Transcript)
34
(No Transcript)
35
Strict Religious Codes
36
6. Persian Gulf War (1991)
37

1. In 1990, Saddam Hussein, the dictator of Iraq,
   invaded oil-rich Kuwait.

38

• The U.S. saw the invasion as a threat to both its
  oil supply and Saudi Arabia, its ally.

Saudi Arabia
39

1. When Iraq refused to leave, the U.S. attacked on
   January 17, 1991 the war was over by February 28.

40
7. War in Iraq (March 2003-present)
41

1. By 2003, the U.S. insisted that Saddam Hussein
   had weapons of mass destruction and supported
   terrorists like Al-Qaeda.

42

• The U.S-led coalition quickly toppled Saddam
  Husseins vicious regime.

43
(No Transcript)
44
(No Transcript)
45
(No Transcript)
46
(No Transcript)
47

• Iraqs government is not yet ready to take over
  due to an unofficial civil war between Sunnis
  and Shiites.

48

• President Obama promised to recall most troops by
  the end of 2011.

49
(No Transcript)
50
(No Transcript)
51
(No Transcript)
52
8. War in Afghanistan(October 2001 present)
53

• The events of Septem-ber 11, 2001 ushered in a
  new era for the United States the era of
  terrorism.

54

• Ironically, 15 of the 19 al-Qaeda terrorists on
  the airplanes were Saudi Arabian.

55
(No Transcript)
56
(No Transcript)
57
(No Transcript)
58
(No Transcript)
59
(No Transcript)
60
(No Transcript)
61
Sept. 11 Military Response
62

1. In October 2001, President George Bush declared
   war against terrorism and Osama bin Laden in
   particular.

63

1. Osama and other al-Qaeda leaders were hiding in
   Afghanistan the Taliban govt refused to
   surrender them to the U.S.

64

1. So the U.S. went to war with Afghanistan and
   removed the Taliban from power.

65

• The Bush Doctrine the policy that the United
  States had the right to secure itself against
  countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist
  groups, which was used to justify the 2001
  invasion of Afghanistan.

66
Terrorism and the Bush Doctrine
67

• The Taliban was an Islamic fundamentalist group
  that severely repressed women and tortured its
  opponents.

68

1. Though many al-Qaeda leaders and members have
   been caught or killed, Osama remains at large.