KEY CONCEPT Social behaviors enhance the benefits of living in a group. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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KEY CONCEPT Social behaviors enhance the benefits of living in a group.

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Title: PowerPoint Presentation Author: McDougal Littell Last modified by: Ohio County Created Date: 9/14/2006 4:17:10 PM Document presentation format – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: KEY CONCEPT Social behaviors enhance the benefits of living in a group.


1
KEY CONCEPT Social behaviors enhance the
benefits of living in a group.
2
Living in groups also has benefits and costs.
  • Social behaviors evolve when the benefits of
    group living outweigh its costs.
  • benefits improved foraging, reproductive
    assistance, reduced chance of predation
  • costs increased visibility, competition, disease
    contraction
  • Group living requires learning social structure
    and membership.

3
Social behaviors are interactions between members
of the same or different species.
  • Animals use communication to keep in contact.
  • visual
  • sound
  • touch
  • chemical

4
  • Courtship displays are used to evaluate the
    fitness of a potential mate.
  • Defensive behaviors are used to protect the
    individual and/or the group.

5
Some behaviors benefit other group members at a
cost to the individual performing them.
  • There are many types of helpful social behavior.
  • cooperation
  • reciprocity
  • altruism

6
  • In altruism, an individual reduces its own
    fitness to help other members of its social group.
  • inclusive fitness
  • kin selection

7
Eusocial behavior is an example of extreme
altruism.
  • Eusocial species live in large groups of mostly
    nonreproductive individuals.
  • haplodiploid species social insects (wasps,
    bees, ants)

Minor worker
Major worker
Queen
  • diploid species termites, snapping shrimp, naked
    mole rats
  • Eusocial behaviors likely evolve by kin selection.
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