GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

1
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Dr.Khalid Hama salih, Pediatrics specialist
M.B.Ch. D. C.H
F.I.B.M.S.ped
2
Introduction Is the essence of childhood G D
3
Why Growth developmental assessment?

• To know normal growth development
• To improve the early identification of children
• with growth and developmental problem.
• ?

4
(No Transcript)
5
growth

• growth
• is a an anatomical process involving
  increase in the physical size of an organ,
  tissue body, by multiplication or enlargement of
  cell .
• It can be measure by anthropematric measure.
• Accurate measurement of growth is a vital part
  of the assessment of children

6
(No Transcript)
7
Development
Development physiological or
functional maturation of various organ or
system, acquisition of neweror skill adaptation
to environment ,is differentiation in
function. GD Although they are presented
separately, they are closely correlated entities.
8
Stages of Growth and Development

• Infancy
• Neonate
• Birth to 1 month
• Infancy
• 1 month to 1 year
• Early Childhood
• Toddler
• 1-3 years
• Preschool
• 3-6 years

• Middle Childhood
• School age
• 6 to 12 years
• Late Childhood
• Adolescent
• 13 years to approximately 18 years

9
Growth development

• genetic
  
• Growth development socioeconomic
  
• Iuf prenatal
  
• c chronic
  disease
• 
  emotional
  nutritional
• Env.seasonal
  
• Growth potential
• l hormonal factor

10
Principles of growth development

• 1.Growth development is continuous orderly
• process.
• 2.Pattern of growth is different in different
  body tissue
• 3.Pace of growth is unique for every child
• 4.Growth and development are influences by a
  multiple factors

11
Cont..

• 5.The childs pattern of growth is in a
  head-to-toe direction, or cephalocaudal, and in
  an inward to outward pattern called
  proximodistal.
• 6.The acquisition of gross motor skill precedes
  the development of fine motor skills.

12
Growth Pattern
13
ANTI-GRAVITY MOVEMENTS
HEAD
TRUNK
LOWER EXTREMITY
14
Growth assessment is a 4 step a.recording of
appropriate parameterb. comparing this value
with reference
c.serial recording put on chart to assess growth
velocity d. interpretation convey
the information to parent as well as suitable
remedial action
15
Anthropometric measuresweightheight
head circumference
16
Growth

• Length
• The child should be measured
• lying down until 2 years of age
• Measuring the length of infants
• requires skill
• Use proper equipment and two
• people to hold the child

17
Growth

• Height
• Use a properly calibrated
• standing frame
• The child should be measured
• barefoot with knees straight
• and feet flat on the floor
• Stretch the child gently and
• read the measurement

18
Growth

• Weight
• Scales must be calibrated
• accurately
• Babies should be weighed naked
• (no nappy!)
• Older children should be weighed
• in underwear only

19
Growth

• Height or Length, Gains length in 1 year
• 0__3m 4cm/m
• 3__6m2cm/m
• 6___12m1cm/m
• average length at birth 50 cm
• at 1 year 75 cm.
• 2 12 years age (in years) x 6 77
• Average annual height increase is 6 cm/yr
  between 4 yr and puberty
• Parental ht is an important determinant of their
  childrens height ,ht of aboye at 2 year girls
  at 2.5 is nearly half of the adult height -5

20
Growth

• Weight Weight loss in the first few days of
  life 5-10 of birth weight.
• This will return to birth weight by 7-10 days
• average weight at birth 3.250Kg.
• 3 -12 months of age age (in months)9
• 
  2
• 1 - 6 years age (in years) x 2 8
• 7 12 years age (in years) x 7 -5
• 2

21
Growth

• Head circumference
• Use flexible non-stretchable
• tape
• Obtain three successive
• measurements and take the
• largest to be the occipito
• frontal circumference (OFC

22
Growth

• Head circumference in 1st year of life
• 1st 3m of age each m 2cm
• 2nd 3m of age each m 1cm
• Last 6m of age each m 0.5cm
• average OFC at birth 35 cm.
• at 3 months 41 cm.
• at 6 months 44 cm.
• at 1 year 47 cm.
• at 2 year 49 cm.
• at 3 year 50.5
  cm.

23
When we examine the childs growth we usually
measure his Height, weight, and head
circumference, then we plot them on the
corresponding growth charts according to the
childs age and sex

• e.g Rand is a 2 year old boy having a health
  supervision visit,he is perfectly healthy during
  the exam, his height is
• 90 cm, his weight is 12.5 kg, his head
  circumference is 48 cm.

24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
Summery

• Growth is continuous quantitative change.
• Development Qualitative change.
• Factors affect growth development
• Principles of growth development
• ?