Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry

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Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry Ch. 25.1 Nuclear Radiation Radioactivity Radioactivity is the process by which materials give of rays and particles. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry


1
Chapter 25 Nuclear Chemistry
  • Ch. 25.1 Nuclear Radiation

2
Radioactivity
  • Radioactivity is the process by which materials
    give of rays and particles. The rays and
    particles given off are referred to as radiation.
  • Nuclear reactions are different from chemical
    reactionsthe nuclei change instead of the
    electrons.
  • Radioisotopesunstable isotopes that gain
    stability when the nuclei undergo changes.

3
  • Nuclear reactions are not affected by changes in
    temperature, pressure, or catalysts, and a given
    radioisotopes nuclear reactions cannot be
    speeded up, slowed down, or stopped.
  • Too many or too few neutrons relative to protons
    makes a nucleus unstable. An unstable nucleus
    released energy by emitting radiation during the
    process of radioactive decay.

4
Types of Radiation
  • Alpha Radiationconsists of helium nuclei that
    have been emitted from a radioactive source
    (alpha particletwo protons and two neutrons).
  • Alpha particles have a 2 charge and an mass
    number of 4.
  • Alpha particles have low penetrating power, but
    alpha emitting radioisotopes are dangerous when
    ingested.

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Beta Radiation
  • A beta particle is created when a neutron in an
    atom breaks apart into a proton and an electron.
    The proton remains in the nucleus, and the
    fast-moving electron is released.
  • A beta particle has a -1 charge, and a mass of
    1/1837 amu.
  • Higher penetrating power, but can be stopped by
    wood or metal foil.

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Gamma Radiation
  • Gamma rays are high energy photons
    (electromagnetic radiation) emitted by
    radioisotopes.
  • Often accompany alpha or beta particles during
    radioactive decay.
  • No mass or electrical charge.
  • High penetrating power. Can be partially stopped
    by dense materials such as lead, steel, or
    concrete. Dangerous.

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