Fighting Diseases - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 16
About This Presentation
Title:

Fighting Diseases

Description:

Fighting Diseases Causes of Disease many diseases are caused by microorganisms, called pathogens they enter the body (called an antigen) and either damage tissues or ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:54
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 17
Provided by: EricL203
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Fighting Diseases


1
Fighting Diseases
2
Causes of Disease
  • many diseases are caused by microorganisms,
    called pathogens
  • they enter the body (called an antigen) and
    either damage tissues or produce substances that
    toxic to the body
  • the body combats disease through the immune system

3
The Immune-System Response
  • the human body have many defenses against
    infection
  • They are categorized into THREE lines of defense
  • External (integumentary system)
  • Non-specific (Innate) Immunity
  • Specific Immunity

4
1st Line of Defense Integumentary System
  • the first line of defense is an external or
    physical barrier
  • the human skin, if unbroken, forms an almost
    impenetrable barrier against microorganisms
  • cells in the nasal passages and pharynx secrete
    sticky mucus that traps microorganisms and
    digestive enzymes in the mucus can destroy most
    microorganisms

5
2nd Line of Defense Non-specific (Innate)
Immunity
  • if invaders get pass the 1st line of defense and
    enters the body, the 2nd line of defense, a
    complex network of organs, works to get rid of
    the infection

Lymphatic system
6
2nd Line of Defense The Lymphatic System
  • white blood cells (called leukocytes) seek out
    and destroy invaders and are produced in the
    lymph nodes
  • Three types of defending leukocytes
  • Macrophages (big eaters, pus) engulf antigens
  • Neutrophils - engulf antigens
  • Natural killer (NK) cells kill invaded cells

7
Macrophage Big Eater
  • fishing for bacterial with long, sticky
    cytoplasmic extensions

8
Inflammatory Response
  • Histamine release increases blood flow
  • Increase capillary permeability
  • Edema swelling, pressure on nerves pain
  • Immune cells circulate better
  • Elevated temperature fever, helps with attack
    against pathogens

9
3rd Line of Defense Specific Immunity
  • Lymphocytes (another class of leukocytes) can
    recognize antigens and direct an immune response

T lymphocyte (helper T cell)
B lymphocytes (B cell)
antigen
10
3rd Line of Defense Specific Immunity
  • B cells produce and display antibodies (Plasma
    B cells), and some also become memory B cells
  • antibodies are protein molecules that protect the
    body from invaders by attaching to the surface of
    the invader which makes it more easily
    identifiable to macrophages
  • antibodies are unique to each antigen form a
    response against antigens, the surface of an
    invader may have many different antigens

11
  • Helper T cells
  • release cytokines that activate more B cells,
    Killer T cells, and macrophages
  • Kill viruses with toxins
  • After the infections is over
  • - B cells and T cells die, except for memory B
    cells

12
T-Killer cells a.k.a. cytotoxic T cells
  • Match the template with the viral antigen and
    kill the virus with toxins also kill cancer
    cells

13
Active Immunity
  • lasting protection against pathogens through the
    production of antibodies
  • can be acquired naturally, when a person recovers
    from an invaders and has produced antibodies
    against it OR
  • artificially, by the injection of vaccines made
    of dead or weaken invaders, or even isolated
    antigens, the body will produce antibodies to
    provide immunity towards the pathogen

14
Prevention of Disease Summary
  • Proper sterilization and/or cleaning of
    instruments surfaces
  • disinfectants (chemical that kill microorganisms
    on surfaces) E.g., bleach
  • Proper use of antiseptics (chemicals that can be
    used on the skin)
  • e.g. mouthwash, antibacterial soap
  • Proper use of antibacterial medication
  • Vaccinations (dead form of pathogen)
  • Natural human immune response

15
Lets see this all in action
The Immune Response
  • http//highered.mcgraw-hill.com/classware/ala.do?i
    sbn0072965819alaidala_1032810showSelfStudyTree
    true

http//www.youtube.com/watch?vIWMJIMzsEMg
Why is it necessary to have so many different
types of cells in the immune system?
16
Lets Act It Out!!!?
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com