Chapter 20 Notes: Part I

1
Chapter 20 Notes Part I

• Acids and Bases

2
What are some common acids?

• Vinegar (acetic acid)
• Carbonated drinks (carbonic and phosphoric acid)
• Citrus fruits (citric acid)
• Car battery (sulfuric acid)

3
What are some common bases?

• Milk of magnesia (an antacid containing magnesium
  hydroxide)
• Many cleaning products (ammonia, etc)

4
What properties do acids have?

• Acids tend to be
• Tart or sour tasting
• Electrolytes (in solution)
• They can cause chemical dyes (called indicators)
  to change colors

5
What properties do bases have?

• Bases tend to be
• Bitter tasting
• Slippery feeling when touched
• Able to neutralize an acid
• Also electrolytes (in solution)

6
What is an acid?

• An acid is a compound that produces hydrogen ions
  (H) when dissolved in water.
• The formula would be HaX, where X is any
  monatomic or polyatomic anion and a is the
  anions charge.

7
Naming an Acid

• When the name of the anion (X) ends in ide, the
  name begins with hydro-, then the stem of the
  anion, then the name ends with ic acid instead
  of -ide.
• ex) HCl is hydrochloric acid

8
Naming an Acid

• When the name of the ion ends in ite, then the
  name would be the stem of the anion and the
  suffix ous acid instead of ite.
• H2SO3 is sulfurous acid

9
Naming an Acid

• When the name of the ion ends in ate, then the
  name would be the stem of the anion and the
  suffix ic acid instead of-ate.
• H2SO4 is sulfuric acid

10
Naming an Acid

• Negative ion Acid Name
• _____ ide hydro___ic acid
• _____ ite _____ous acid
• _____ ate _____ic acid

11
What is a base?

• A base is a compound that produces hydroxide
  (OH-) ions when in solution.
• Bases are named the same way that an ionic
  compound would be named.
• NaOH is sodium Hydroxide

12
Name the following acids and bases

• HClO3
• H3PO4
• HF
• HNO3
• KOH
• Ba(OH)2
• H3PO3

13
Name the following acids and bases

• HClO3 chloric acid
• H3PO4
• HF
• HNO3
• KOH
• Ba(OH)2
• H3PO3

14
Name the following acids and bases

• HClO3 chloric acid
• H3PO4 phosphoric acid
• HF
• HNO3
• KOH
• Ba(OH)2
• H3PO3

15
Name the following acids and bases

• HClO3 chloric acid
• H3PO4 phosphoric acid
• HF hydrofluoric acid
• HNO3
• KOH
• Ba(OH)2
• H3PO3

16
Name the following acids and bases

• HClO3 chloric acid
• H3PO4 phosphoric acid
• HF hydrofluoric acid
• HNO3 nitric acid
• KOH
• Ba(OH)2
• H3PO3

17
Name the following acids and bases

• HClO3 chloric acid
• H3PO4 phosphoric acid
• HF hydrofluoric acid
• HNO3 nitric acid
• KOH potassium hydroxide
• Ba(OH)2
• H3PO3

18
Name the following acids and bases

• HClO3 chloric acid
• H3PO4 phosphoric acid
• HF hydrofluoric acid
• HNO3 nitric acid
• KOH potassium hydroxide
• Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide
• H3PO3

19
Name the following acids and bases

• HClO3 chloric acid
• H3PO4 phosphoric acid
• HF hydrofluoric acid
• HNO3 nitric acid
• KOH potassium hydroxide
• Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide
• H3PO3 phosphorous acid

20
Write the formula for the following

• hydroiodic acid
• calcium hydroxide
• nitrous acid
• ammonium hydroxide
• nitric acid
• hydrobromic acid
• phosphoric acid

21
Write the formula for the following

• hydroiodic acid HI
• calcium hydroxide
• nitrous acid
• ammonium hydroxide
• nitric acid
• hydrobromic acid
• phosphoric acid

22
Write the formula for the following

• hydroiodic acid HI
• calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
• nitrous acid
• ammonium hydroxide
• nitric acid
• hydrobromic acid
• phosphoric acid

23
Write the formula for the following

• hydroiodic acid HI
• calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
• nitrous acid HNO2
• ammonium hydroxide
• nitric acid
• hydrobromic acid
• phosphoric acid

24
Write the formula for the following

• hydroiodic acid HI
• calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
• nitrous acid HNO2
• ammonium hydroxide NH4OH
• nitric acid
• hydrobromic acid
• phosphoric acid

25
Write the formula for the following

• hydroiodic acid HI
• calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
• nitrous acid HNO2
• ammonium hydroxide NH4OH
• nitric acid HNO3
• hydrobromic acid
• phosphoric acid

26
Write the formula for the following

• hydroiodic acid HI
• calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
• nitrous acid HNO2
• ammonium hydroxide NH4OH
• nitric acid HNO3
• hydrobromic acid HBr
• phosphoric acid

27
Write the formula for the following

• hydroiodic acid HI
• calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
• nitrous acid HNO2
• ammonium hydroxide NH4OH
• nitric acid HNO3
• hydrobromic acid HBr
• phosphoric acid H3PO4