Sun, Moon, Earth,

1
Sun, Moon, Earth,

• How do they work together to help life survive?
• The Planets

2
What is a planet?

• According to the IAU (International Astronomical
  Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines.

3
What is a planet?

• According to the IAU (International Astronomical
  Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines.
• Is in orbit around the sun.

4
What is a planet?

• According to the IAU (International Astronomical
  Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines.
• Is in orbit around the sun.
• Has enough mass to maintain a nearly round shape.

5
What is a planet?

• According to the IAU (International Astronomical
  Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines.
• Is in orbit around the sun.
• Has enough mass to maintain a nearly round shape.
• Called hydrostatic equilibrium.

6
What is a planet?

• According to the IAU (International Astronomical
  Union) a planet must meet these three guidelines.
• Is in orbit around the sun.
• Has enough mass to maintain a nearly round shape.
• Called hydrostatic equilibrium.
• Has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.

7
What is a planet?

• Dwarf Planets

8
What is a planet?

• Dwarf Planets
• Must do 1 and 2.

9
What is a planet?

• Dwarf Planets
• Must do 1 and 2.
• Does not do 3.

10
What is a planet?

• Dwarf Planets
• Must do 1 and 2.
• Does not do 3.
• Is not a satellite.

11
What is a planet?

• Dwarf Planets
• Must do 1 and 2.
• Does not do 3.
• Is not a satellite.
• Currently there are 5 dwarf planets
• Ceres (between Mars and Jupiter)
• Pluto
• Makemake
• Eris
• Haumea

12
Mercury
13
Mercury

• Temperature range believed to be from -184C to
  427C

14
Mercury

• Temperature range believed to be from -184C to
  427C
• Rotation time 58.6 Earth days.

15
Mercury

• Temperature range believed to be from -184C to
  427C
• Rotation time 58.6 Earth days.
• Orbit 88 Earth days

16
Mercury

• Temperature range believed to be from -184C to
  427C
• Rotation time 58.6 Earth days.
• Orbit 88 Earth days
• Mass The Earth is 18 times more massive than
  Mercury.

17
Mercury

• Temperature range believed to be from -184C to
  427C
• Rotation time 58.6 Earth days.
• Orbit 88 Earth days
• Mass The Earth is 18 times more massive than
  Mercury.
• Diameter 4,878 km (about 40 of the Earths

18
Mercury

• Moons none

19
Mercury

• Moons none
• Water Polar ice that never melts.

20
Mercury

• Moons none
• Water Polar ice that never melts.
• Atmosphere very thin, contains H, He, O, Na, Ca,
  and K. Removed and replenished constantly.

21
Mercury

• Moons none
• Water Polar ice that never melts.
• Atmosphere very thin, contains H, He, O, Na, Ca,
  and K. Removed and replenished constantly.
• Gravity 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37.8
  pounds on Mercury.

22
Mercury

• Moons none
• Water Polar ice that never melts.
• Atmosphere very thin, contains H, He, O, Na, Ca,
  and K. Removed and replenished constantly.
• Gravity 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37.8
  pounds on Mercury.
• Discovered Known since ancient times.

23
Mercury

• Moons none
• Water Polar ice that never melts.
• Atmosphere very thin, contains H, He, O, Na, Ca,
  and K. Removed and replenished constantly.
• Gravity 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37.8
  pounds on Mercury.
• Discovered Known since ancient times.
• Distance to sun 58 million km

24
Venus
25
Venus

• Temperature range from 850F to 950F.

26
Venus

• Temperature range from 850F to 950F.
• Rotation time 243 Earth days

27
Venus

• Temperature range from 850F to 950F.
• Rotation time 243 Earth days
• Orbit 225 Earth days

28
Venus

• Temperature range from 850F to 950F.
• Rotation time 243 Earth days
• Orbit 225 Earth days
• Mass The Earth is 1.0 times more massive than
  Venus.

29
Venus

• Temperature range from 850F to 950F.
• Rotation time 243 Earth days
• Orbit 225 Earth days
• Mass The Earth is 1.0 times more massive than
  Venus.
• Diameter 12,100 km

30
Venus

• Moons None

31
Venus

• Moons None
• Water yes

32
Venus

• Moons None
• Water yes
• Atmosphere Carbon Dioxide (95), Nitrogen,
  Sulfuric Acid, and trace elements.

33
Venus

• Moons None
• Water yes
• Atmosphere Carbon Dioxide (95), Nitrogen,
  Sulfuric Acid, and trace elements.
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 90.7 pounds
  on Venus.

34
Venus

• Moons None
• Water yes
• Atmosphere Carbon Dioxide (95), Nitrogen,
  Sulfuric Acid, and trace elements.
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 90.7 pounds
  on Venus.
• Discovered Known since ancient times.

35
Venus

• Moons None
• Water yes
• Atmosphere Carbon Dioxide (95), Nitrogen,
  Sulfuric Acid, and trace elements.
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 90.7 pounds
  on Venus.
• Discovered Known since ancient times.
• Distance to sun 108 million km

36
Earth
37
Earth

• Temperature range -69C to 58C

38
Earth

• Temperature range -69C to 58C
• Rotation time 24 hours

39
Earth

• Temperature range -69C to 58C
• Rotation time 24 hours
• Orbit 365.26 days

40
Earth

• Temperature range -69C to 58C
• Rotation time 24 hours
• Orbit 365.26 days
• Mass 5.98 X 10 kg

41
Earth

• Temperature range -69C to 58C
• Rotation time 24 hours
• Orbit 365.26 days
• Mass 5.98 X 10 kg
• Diameter 12,800 km

42
Earth

• Moons one

43
Earth

• Moons one
• Water Yes, in all forms.

44
Earth

• Moons one
• Water Yes, in all forms.
• Atmosphere Nitrogen (78.1, 20.9 Oxygen and
  trace amounts of Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Helium,
  Hydrogen, and Methane.

45
Earth

• Moons one
• Water Yes, in all forms.
• Atmosphere Nitrogen (78.1, 20.9 Oxygen and
  trace amounts of Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Helium,
  Hydrogen, and Methane.
• Distance to sun 150 million km

46
Mars
47
Mars

• Temperature range -220F to 60F.

48
Mars

• Temperature range -220F to 60F.
• Rotation time 24 hours 37 minutes.

49
Mars

• Temperature range -220F to 60F.
• Rotation time 24 hours 37 minutes.
• Orbit 687 Earth days

50
Mars

• Temperature range -220F to 60F.
• Rotation time 24 hours 37 minutes.
• Orbit 687 Earth days
• Mass The Earth is 9.3 times more massive than
  Mars.

51
Mars

• Temperature range -220F to 60F.
• Rotation time 24 hours 37 minutes.
• Orbit 687 Earth days
• Mass The Earth is 9.3 times more massive than
  Mars.
• Diameter 6,796 km

52
Mars

• Moons two (Phobos and Deimos

53
Mars

• Moons two (Phobos and Deimos
• Water Two permanent polar ice caps

54
Mars

• Moons two (Phobos and Deimos
• Water Two permanent polar ice caps
• Atmosphere Carbon dioxide (95),, Nitrogen,
  Argon, Oxygen, and trace water vapor and carbon
  monoxide.

55
Mars

• Moons two (Phobos and Deimos
• Water Two permanent polar ice caps
• Atmosphere Carbon dioxide (95),, Nitrogen,
  Argon, Oxygen, and trace water vapor and carbon
  monoxide.
• Gravity 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37.7
  pounds on Mars.

56
Mars

• Moons two (Phobos and Deimos
• Water Two permanent polar ice caps
• Atmosphere Carbon dioxide (95),, Nitrogen,
  Argon, Oxygen, and trace water vapor and carbon
  monoxide.
• Gravity 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37.7
  pounds on Mars.
• Discovered Known since ancient times.

57
Mars

• Moons two (Phobos and Deimos
• Water Two permanent polar ice caps
• Atmosphere Carbon dioxide (95),, Nitrogen,
  Argon, Oxygen, and trace water vapor and carbon
  monoxide.
• Gravity 100 pounds on the Earth weighs 37.7
  pounds on Mars.
• Discovered Known since ancient times.
• Distance to sun 228 million km.

58
Jupiter
59
Jupiter

• Temperature range -163C to -121C.

60
Jupiter

• Temperature range -163C to -121C.
• Rotation time 9 hours 55 minutes Earth time.

61
Jupiter

• Temperature range -163C to -121C.
• Rotation time 9 hours 55 minutes Earth time.
• Orbit 12 Earth years

62
Jupiter

• Temperature range -163C to -121C.
• Rotation time 9 hours 55 minutes Earth time.
• Orbit 12 Earth years
• Mass 318 times more massive than the Earth.

63
Jupiter

• Temperature range -163C to -121C.
• Rotation time 9 hours 55 minutes Earth time.
• Orbit 12 Earth years
• Mass 318 times more massive than the Earth.
• Diameter 85,788 miles

64
Jupiter

• Moons 63 have been found with Ganymede the
  largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto).

65
Jupiter

• Moons 63 have been found with Ganymede the
  largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto).
• Water yes

66
Jupiter

• Moons 63 have been found with Ganymede the
  largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto).
• Water yes
• Atmosphere Hydrogen (90) and Helium (10).

67
Jupiter

• Moons 63 have been found with Ganymede the
  largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto).
• Water yes
• Atmosphere Hydrogen (90) and Helium (10).
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 236.4 pounds
  here.

68
Jupiter

• Moons 63 have been found with Ganymede the
  largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto).
• Water yes
• Atmosphere Hydrogen (90) and Helium (10).
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 236.4 pounds
  here.
• Discovered Known since ancient times.

69
Jupiter

• Moons 63 have been found with Ganymede the
  largest (bigger than Mercury and Pluto).
• Water yes
• Atmosphere Hydrogen (90) and Helium (10).
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 236.4 pounds
  here.
• Discovered Known since ancient times.
• Distance to sun 778 million km

70
Saturn
71
Saturn

• Temperature range -178C

72
Saturn

• Temperature range -178C
• Rotation time 10 hours, 40 minutes, and 24
  seconds Earth time

73
Saturn

• Temperature range -178C
• Rotation time 10 hours, 40 minutes, and 24
  seconds Earth time
• Orbit 29.5 Earth years

74
Saturn

• Temperature range -178C
• Rotation time 10 hours, 40 minutes, and 24
  seconds Earth time
• Orbit 29.5 Earth years
• Mass 95 times more massive than the Earth.

75
Saturn

• Temperature range -178C
• Rotation time 10 hours, 40 minutes, and 24
  seconds Earth time
• Orbit 29.5 Earth years
• Mass 95 times more massive than the Earth.
• Diameter 120,660 km (about 10 times larger than
  the Earth)

76
Saturn

• Moons 31 including Titan, Hyperion, Mimas, Rhea,
  and Phoebe

77
Saturn

• Moons 31 including Titan, Hyperion, Mimas, Rhea,
  and Phoebe
• Water yes

78
Saturn

• Moons 31 including Titan, Hyperion, Mimas, Rhea,
  and Phoebe
• Water yes
• Atmosphere Mostly Hydrogen and Helium with some
  Methane and ammonia.

79
Saturn

• Moons 31 including Titan, Hyperion, Mimas, Rhea,
  and Phoebe
• Water yes
• Atmosphere Mostly Hydrogen and Helium with some
  Methane and ammonia.
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 106.4 pounds
  on Saturn.

80
Saturn

• Moons 31 including Titan, Hyperion, Mimas, Rhea,
  and Phoebe
• Water yes
• Atmosphere Mostly Hydrogen and Helium with some
  Methane and ammonia.
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 106.4 pounds
  on Saturn.
• Discovered Known since ancient times.

81
Saturn

• Moons 31 including Titan, Hyperion, Mimas, Rhea,
  and Phoebe
• Water yes
• Atmosphere Mostly Hydrogen and Helium with some
  Methane and ammonia.
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 106.4 pounds
  on Saturn.
• Discovered Known since ancient times.
• Distance to sun 1429 million km

82
Uranus
83
Uranus

• Temperature range -197.15C

84
Uranus

• Temperature range -197.15C
• Rotation time 17.24 hours Earth time (rotates
  clockwise)

85
Uranus

• Temperature range -197.15C
• Rotation time 17.24 hours Earth time (rotates
  clockwise)
• Orbit 84 Earth years

86
Uranus

• Temperature range -197.15C
• Rotation time 17.24 hours Earth time (rotates
  clockwise)
• Orbit 84 Earth years
• Mass 14.5 times more massive than the Earth.

87
Uranus

• Temperature range -197.15C
• Rotation time 17.24 hours Earth time (rotates
  clockwise)
• Orbit 84 Earth years
• Mass 14.5 times more massive than the Earth.
• Diameter 51,500 km

88
Uranus

• Moons 27

89
Uranus

• Moons 27
• Water yes

90
Uranus

• Moons 27
• Water yes
• Atmosphere 83 Hydrogen, 15 Helium, 2 Methane,
  and trace amounts of water and ammonia.

91
Uranus

• Moons 27
• Water yes
• Atmosphere 83 Hydrogen, 15 Helium, 2 Methane,
  and trace amounts of water and ammonia.
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 88.9 pounds
  on Uranus.

92
Uranus

• Moons 27
• Water yes
• Atmosphere 83 Hydrogen, 15 Helium, 2 Methane,
  and trace amounts of water and ammonia.
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 88.9 pounds
  on Uranus.
• Discovered Sighted in 1690 but figured out it
  was a planet in 1781.

93
Uranus

• Moons 27
• Water yes
• Atmosphere 83 Hydrogen, 15 Helium, 2 Methane,
  and trace amounts of water and ammonia.
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 88.9 pounds
  on Uranus.
• Discovered Sighted in 1690 but figured out it
  was a planet in 1781.
• Distance to sun 2871 million km

94
Neptune
95
Neptune

• Temperature range -220C

96
Neptune

• Temperature range -220C
• Rotation time 0.67 Earth days

97
Neptune

• Temperature range -220C
• Rotation time 0.67 Earth days
• Orbit 164.8 Earth years

98
Neptune

• Temperature range -220C
• Rotation time 0.67 Earth days
• Orbit 164.8 Earth years
• Mass 17.15 times more massive than the Earth.

99
Neptune

• Temperature range -220C
• Rotation time 0.67 Earth days
• Orbit 164.8 Earth years
• Mass 17.15 times more massive than the Earth.
• Diameter 49,500 km

100
Neptune

• Moons 8 known

101
Neptune

• Moons 8 known
• Water yes

102
Neptune

• Moons 8 known
• Water yes
• Atmosphere 74 Hydrogen, 25 Helium, and 1
  Methane

103
Neptune

• Moons 8 known
• Water yes
• Atmosphere 74 Hydrogen, 25 Helium, and 1
  Methane
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 112.5 pounds
  on Neptune.

104
Neptune

• Moons 8 known
• Water yes
• Atmosphere 74 Hydrogen, 25 Helium, and 1
  Methane
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 112.5 pounds
  on Neptune.
• Discovered Found in 1846.

105
Neptune

• Moons 8 known
• Water yes
• Atmosphere 74 Hydrogen, 25 Helium, and 1
  Methane
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 112.5 pounds
  on Neptune.
• Discovered Found in 1846.
• Distance to sun 4504 million km

106
Pluto
107
Pluto

• Temperature range -233C

108
Pluto

• Temperature range -233C
• Rotation time 6.39 Earth days

109
Pluto

• Temperature range -233C
• Rotation time 6.39 Earth days
• Orbit 248 Earth years.

110
Pluto

• Temperature range -233C
• Rotation time 6.39 Earth days
• Orbit 248 Earth years.
• Mass 0.002 times that of Earth.

111
Pluto

• Temperature range -233C
• Rotation time 6.39 Earth days
• Orbit 248 Earth years.
• Mass 0.002 times that of Earth.
• Diameter 2,324 km

112
Pluto

• Moons One moon called Charon.

113
Pluto

• Moons One moon called Charon.
• Water Unknown

114
Pluto

• Moons One moon called Charon.
• Water Unknown
• Atmosphere A frozen atmosphere that melts and
  refreezes.

115
Pluto

• Moons One moon called Charon.
• Water Unknown
• Atmosphere A frozen atmosphere that melts and
  refreezes.
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 6.7 pounds on
  Pluto.

116
Pluto

• Moons One moon called Charon.
• Water Unknown
• Atmosphere A frozen atmosphere that melts and
  refreezes.
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 6.7 pounds on
  Pluto.
• Discovered Found in 1930.

117
Pluto

• Moons One moon called Charon.
• Water Unknown
• Atmosphere A frozen atmosphere that melts and
  refreezes.
• Gravity 100 pounds on Earth weighs 6.7 pounds on
  Pluto.
• Discovered Found in 1930.
• Distance to sun 5913 million km