Review for Chapter 8 Test

1
Review for Chapter 8 Test
2
What is an object or an act that stands for
something else?

• Symbol

3
abc is an example of what problem solving
technique?

• Algorithm

4
Mrs. Ponder almost never uses the letter C on
her multiple choice test answers is an example
of what type of problem solving techniques?

• Representative Heuristic

5
The beginning often language in babies occurs
when the start

• Learning vocabulary

6
When you randomly use each key on a set of keys
to open a door, it is an example of

• Trial and Error

7
Grouping of objects, events or ideas by
characteristics is called

• Concepts

8
An example the exemplifies the concept is called

• Prototype

9
A persons inborn tendency to acquire a language
is known as

• Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

10
Young children who have just learned grammar
rules often

• Incorrectly use words that they had used
  correctly before

11
Creative problem solving involves what type of
thinking?

• Divergent thinking

12
When someone breaks a problem down into parts try
to solve each par t individually, it is called

• Means-end analysis

13
In ______________ reasoning, if the basic
statement leading to the conclusion is true, then
the conclusion is also true.

• Deductive

14
What is the problem solving method that
identifies goals and the step needed to reach
them?

• Difference Reduction Method

15
What is the type of thinking that is limited to
the available facts?

• Convergent

16
If a person is the same religion that their
parents are, they have probably relied on the
_________________ Heuristic?

• Anchoring Heuristic

17
Not traveling by airplane because of the fear of
what had happened last week in the newspaper is
and example of ___________ Heuristics.

• Availability

18
What are the ABCDE s of problem solving?

• A- assess the problem
• B- Brainstorm approaches to the problem
• C-Choose the approach that seems most likely to
  work
• D-Do it, try the most likely approach
• E-Evaluate the results

19
What is an idea or a statement that provide the
basic information that allow us to draw
conclusions?

• Premise

20
What is the sudden understanding on when a
problem is solved?

• Insight

21
When someone cannot use an object other than its
normal use it is called?

• Functional Fixedness

22
What is it called when someone uses a balance
sheet to see the positives and the negatives of a
situation?

• Weighing the pluses and minuses

23
What are the sounds of language?

• Phonemes

24
What is the grammar of any given language called?

• Syntax

25
Units of meaning in a language?

• Morphemes

26
Stretching the meaning of words to refer to
things for which they do not have words for is
called

• Overextension

27
Psychologist believe that a second language is
most easily learned, when?

• During early childhood

28
A form of thinking that involves using individual
cases or particular facts to reach a general
conclusion is called

• Inductive reasoning

29
Commonly when people are working with a paper
maze, they will use this problem solving
technique?

• Working backwards

30
The tendency to respond to a new problem with an
approach that was successfully used with similar
problems is called

• Mental set

31
Free spontaneous production of possible e
approaches or solutions to a problem is called

• Brainstorming

32
The Language acquisition device is

• Inborn tendency to acquire a language

33
An example of a formula would be which type of
problem solving technique

• Algorithm

34
Premise is true, and then the conclusion is also
true in what type of reasoning?

• Deductive Reasoning

35
An example that exemplifies the concept is called

• Prototype

36
When someone breaks a problem down into parts
trying to solve each part individually, it is
called

• Means-Ends Analysis

37
Using individual cases or particular facts to
reach a general conclusion is what form of
thinking

• Inductive Reasoning

38
What is a rule of thumb, or shortcut, used to
solve a problem?

• Heuristic

39
What is the problem-solving method that
identifies goals and the steps needed to reach
them?

• Difference Reduction

40
What are objects or acts that stand for something
else, enable us to think about things that are
not present?

• Symbols

41
Functional fixedness can become

• An obstacle to solving a problem
• Ex. The scissors example

42
What three types of thinking are most closely
related to language?

• Decision making
• Problem solving
• Reasoning

43
Creative problem solving involves

• Divergent Thinking

44
A morpheme generally consists of

• Single letters
• Multiple letters
• Letters that form a prefix or suffix

45
In inductive reasoning, the tendency to prove the
hypothesis correct is known as

• Confirmation Bias

46
What is overextension?

• Trying to talk about more things than they have
  words for

47
What are objects or acts that stand for something
else, enable us to think about things that are
not present?

• Symbols

48
People often solve problems by trying the same
solution that worked for a similar problem.

• Analogy

49
Problem-solving method that identifies goals and
the steps needed to reach them?

• Difference Reduction Method

50
Coach Booth never gives multiple choice tests is
a statement that comes from which type of problem
solving technique?

• Representativeness heuristic

51
A type of decision making solution in which the
basic information available to the person is in
their immediate consciousness.

• Availability heuristic

52
If someone has the same political beliefs as
their parents they have probably made these
decisions based on

• Anchoring Heuristic

53
Which type of reasoning would use thinking that
involves using individual cases or particular
facts to reach a general conclusion? (Inductive
or Deductive)?

• Inductive Reasoning

54
Lack of evidence, ignoring examples, and the
tendency to stick to personal beliefs reasoning
is considered.

• Over confidence

55
What type of heuristic helps people make
decisions using the basic information available
to them in their immediate consciousness...(ex.
Airplane crash-wont fly-dangerous)

• Availability Heuristic