Global Measurements and Research on Stratospheric Ozone Depletion For The Vienna Convention and Its Protocols: Users, Needs

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Global Measurements and Research on
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion For The Vienna
Convention and Its ProtocolsUsers, Needs
Requirements

• Leonard A. Barrie
• C/ENV/AREP/WMO,
• Lbarrie_at_wmo.int

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Vienna Convention History I

• The Stratosphere 1981 Theory and Measurements.
  WMO No. 11.
• 1985 Vienna Convention
• Atmospheric Ozone 1985. Three volumes. WMO No.
  16.
• 1987 Montreal Protocol
• International Ozone Trends Panel Report 1988. Two
  volumes. WMO No. 18.
• Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone
  1989.Two volumes. WMO No. 20.
• 1990 London Adjustments andAmendment
• Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 1991.
  WMO No. 25.

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Vienna Convention History II

• Methyl Bromide Its Atmospheric Science,
  Technology, and Economics (Montreal Protocol
  Assessment Supplement) UNEP (1992).
• 1992 Copenhagen Adjustments and Amendment
• Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 1994.
  WMO No. 37.
• 1995 Vienna Adjustment
• 1997 Montreal Adjustments and Amendment
• Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 1998.
  WMO No. 44.
• 1999 Beijing Amendment
• Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2002.
  WMO No. 47.
• 2003 15th Meeting of the Parties

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Information Needs Of The Parties To The
Convention Assessment 2002

1. Trends in controlled substances and their
   consistency with reported production
2. Impacts of new halogen-containing substances
3. Methyl bromide sources and sinks and implications
   for the ozone layer
4. Interrelations between ozone depletion and
   climate change including feed-backs between the
   two
5. Changes in global and polar ozone and in
   ultraviolet radiation, as well as future
   projections and scenarios.

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The Existing Observational System

• Routine ground-based measurements (in-situ and
  remote sensing) incl. balloon
• Accuracy, long-term history, validation source,
  local/regional relevance
• Systematic aircraft measurements
• High-resolution tropospheric profiles,
  tropopause measurements, history
• Satellite observations
• Global coverage, uniform data quality
• Chemical models and data assimilation tools
• Integration, data analysis and exploitation

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ESTIMATED GLOBAL OZONESONDE NETWORK 2003
Stations with data submitted since at least 1
Jan 1999
Compliments of WOUDC, Toronto Ed Hare Manager.
Note that this map changes constantly as data is
submitted to the data centre. Suggestions to
correct any omissions are welcome by GAW. The
red symbols represent sites of contributing
partner NASA/SHADOZ.
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ESTIMATED GLOBAL COLUMN OZONE NETWORK 2003
Stations with data submitted since at least 1
Jan 1999
Compliments of WOUDC, Toronto Ed Hare Manager.
Note that this map changes constantly as data is
submitted to the data centre. Suggestions to
correct any omissions are welcome by GAW. The
symbols represent different instrument types.
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Courtesy of the World Data Centre for Greenhouse
Gases JMA
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Figure 4-4 in Ozone Assessment based on Fioletov
et al 2002 QBO and Solar Effects estimated using
ground-based data only
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Future Needs Of The Parties To The Convention
From 2002 Assessment I

• Is The Montreal Working? Observational
  Indicators
• Downward Trends In Br and Cl ODS.
• Recovery of the Stratospheric Ozone (e.g.
  Antarctic O3 full recovery predicted by 2050-
  assuming all other influences constant)
• High Vulnerability of The O3 Layer In The Next
  Decade
• In 1992-2001 O3 Depletion Relative To Pre-1980
• Northern Mid-Latitudes winter/spring 4, summer
  2
• Southern Mid-Latitides all year 6
• Corresponding change in erythemal radiation is
  5, 2 amd 7
• Arctic ozone is highly variable estimates of
  winter/spring O3 loss range up to 25.
• Volcanic eruptions can add to losses ? AEROSOL
  CONNECTION

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Future Needs Of The Parties To The Convention
From 2002 Assessment II

• Estimating Impacts Of Highly Variable
  Short-Lived ODSs which do not have a single
  global ODP.
• Integrated Observational Systems can help define
  the global temporal/spatial distribution.
• Understanding The Ozone Depletion and Climate
  Change Connections
• Long-lived spatially invariable CFCs are
  decreasing, while, shorter-lived, spatially
  variable HCFCs of similar GWP are increasing.

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The Objectives of IGACO
To initiate a process leading to the
implementation of globally coordinated
observation and integration programmes within 10
years, by

• defining a feasible strategy for deploying a
  global atmospheric chemistry observation system
  with comprehensive coverage of key atmospheric
  gases and aerosols
• establishing a system for integration of
  ground-based, airborne and satellite air
  chemistry observations using atmospheric models
• making the integrated observations accessible to
  researchers for environmental policy development
  and for improved weather/environmental prediction.

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The Strategy

• Identify the major societal and scientific issues
  associated with atmospheric chemistry and
  composition change
• Recommend a list of target observables using a
  well defined set of criteria
• Establish the requirements for observations of
  atmospheric composition and their analysis,
  integration and utilisation
• Review existing observational systems for the
  target variables as well as other key components
  of an integrated system (data processing and
  modelling)
• Make recommendations and propose a structure for
  implementation.

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Targeted Variables IGACOGroup 1Group 2
 Chemical species  Air Quality  Oxidation Capacity  Climate   Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
O3 ? ? ? ?
CO ? ?
UV-A j(NO2) ? ?
UV-B j(O3) ? ?
H2O (water vapour) ? ? ? ?
HCHO ? ?
C2H6 ? ?
active nitrogen NOx NONO2reservoir species HNO3 ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
SO2 ? ? ? ?
active halogens BrO, ClO, OClOreservoir species HCl, ClONO2sources CH3Br, CFC-12, CFC-11, HCFC-22 ? ? ?
aerosol optical properties ? ? ?
CO2 ?
CH4 ? ? ?
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Target and Threshold Requirements for Aerosol
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Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry
Observation System (IGACO)
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Consideration Of The Chemistry of Stratosphere,
Free Troposphere, Air Quality, Climate
TECHNOLOGY INDEPENDENT LIST OF OBSERVABLES
The Filter Based on (i) Relevance To Key
Issues, (ii)Availability Of Many Types Of
Observations (iii) Availability of Integration
Tools
TARGET LIST OF OBSERVABLES By Issue
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Global Monitoring a Complex Task Requiring
Central Coordination
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Stratospheric Aerosols