Do Now: In journal/binder, compare and contrast Sparta and Athens using a Venn Diagram.

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Do NowIn journal/binder, compare and contrast
Sparta and Athens using a Venn Diagram.
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Athens and the Fall of City-States

• Chapter 10 Section 3 4

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Athens

• Located to the northeast of Sparta, on the Aegean
  coast
• Had a very different life-style compared to
  Spartans
• interested in art, philosophy, literature, and
  trade not just military

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Athenian Government

• By 750 B.C.E. Athenian nobles and merchants took
  over the government.
• They set up an oligarchy
• Many fights broke out over land ownership and
  showed a need for government reform
• Draco made the first attempt at reform, but he
  failed because his punishments were too harsh.

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Solon

• Solon, a rich merchant, took
• over the government in 594 B.C.E.
• He prepared a constitution which
• broke up the political power of the rich.
• His credits include
• limited how much land a person could own
• gave landowners the right to vote
• assembly was given right to pass laws
• ordered every father to teach his son a trade

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Democracy in Athens

• In 508 B.C.E. a noble named Cleisthenes took over
  the government of Athens.
• He put into effect the first constitution that
  was democratic
• It favored the equality of all people
• for example freedom of speech
• Lasted for almost 300 years

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Democracy in Athens Cont.

• Opened the assembly to all males over 20 years
  old
• Each year the assembly elected 10 generals to run
  the army and navy and to serve as magistrates, or
  judges.
• The Council of 500 handled the daily business of
  Athens
• Council member were chosen by lot rather than
  voting because people were afraid people with
  money would have unfair advantage and believed
  every citizen was smart enough to hold office

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Athenian Boys and Young Men

• Citizens were required to educate their sons
• had a tutor or sent to private school at age of 7
• studied writing, mathematics, and music
• practiced sports and memorized literature
• Athenian males became citizens at the age of 18
• took oath of citizenship at the temple of Zeus in
  front of family and friends
• promised to be honorable in battle, follow the
  constitution, and respect their religion

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One army controls everything in brown. Another
army controls everything in green. What problems
may occur?

• In 545 BCE the Persians conquered Ionia. (The
  Greek city states in Asia Minor.)
• In 525 BCE the Greeks revolted and were helped
  by Athens.

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The Persian Wars
NIKE!

• Darius, the Persian king wanted to punish the
  mainland Greeks for helping the Ionians
• In 490 BCE, Darius prepared for attack in the
  plain of Marathon, northeast of Athens.
• The Greeks ran down hills towards unprepared
  Persians and won the Battle of Marathon.
• The Greeks began creating Triremes or multilevel
  war ships to attack the Persians if they were to
  return.

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Persian Wars Cont.

• In 480 BCE the Persians returned under their new
  king Xerxes.
• The Greeks were forced to band together with the
  Spartans leading the Army and the Athenians
  leading the Navy.
• The Spartans challenged the Persians at the
  battle of Thermopylae.
• Were able to hold off the Persians for three days
  by holding them at a narrow pass

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Persian War Battle of Salamis

• Then, the Greeks tricked the Persians into
  sailing into the strait between Athens and
  Salamis.
• The Greeks were able to defeat the larger Persian
  ships because the Greek ships were faster and the
  Persian ships could not all pass at once.
• In 479 BCE The Persian War ended at the battle of
  Plataea, with a Greek victory.

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Battle of Salamis
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The Delian League and the Athenian Empire

• The Athenians suggested the city-states form a
  defensive league, or the Delian League, to
  protect themselves from future attacks.
• The league worked well for a while, but over time
  Athens gained great power
• other city-states had to ask Athens permission to
  trade or sail
• Athenian coins replaced Greek money
• League turned into the Athenian Empire

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Pericles of Athens

• The main leader of Athens at the time was
  Pericles, who was called the first citizen.
• Led Athens for over 30 years
• Rebuilt Athens and built Parthenon using money
  from Delian League in order to beautify the city
• Art, Philosophy, and Literature flourished

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Decline of Athens and City-States

• The more powerful Athens became, the more
  resentful other city-states became of Athens
• Grew weak because of the Peloponnesian war, which
  was fought over control of Athens
• A plague spread and land was destroyed
• Men left to become mercenaries in Persian army
• After the war, Greeks lost their sense of
  community
• became more interested in money
• bitterness rose between upper and lower class
• Greece was no longer strong enough or united
  enough to fight off invaders

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Athenian Army

• After taking oath of citizenship at age 18, men
  went to military school for two years of
  training/service
• The people elected two athletic trainers and
  instructors for them, to teach them how to be
  heavy-armed soldiers and to use the bow, javelin,
  and sling
• Some might then join the army, if they preferred,
  while the rest went about their lives but
• they were on active duty-- to be called upon if
  needed for battle

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Athenian Navy

• Had a fleet of triremesthree levels of rowers
• The triremes were 100 -120 feet long and 20 feet
  wide
• Each ship has approximately 170 rowersmostly
  made up of Athens poorer citizens--who were paid
• At the Athenian Navys peak, there were about 400
  triremes which required almost 80,000 rowers!!

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Trireme