Unit 2 Expanding Zones of Exchange (500-1200)

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Unit 2Expanding Zones of Exchange(500-1200)

• Global History II Review

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Gupta Empire (320-550)

• Hinduism strongly influenced people
• Efficient government (bureaucracy)
• Caste System organized society
• Untouchables were at the bottom (outcasts)
• Scientific Contributions
• Mathematics Concept of Zero, Numbers
• Medicine
• Architecture
• Literature

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Tang and Song Dynasties

• Chinese Dynasties (618-907) (960-1279)
• Conquered territory and made tributary states
• Highly educated ruling class
• Social StructureGentry, Peasants, Merchants
• Expanded trade
• Built Canals to encourage trade and transp.
• Literature and Arts developed
• Huge influence on Japan

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Byzantine Empire and Russia

• Byzantine Empire (565-1453)
• Preserved and spread Greco-Roman culture
• Justinians Code (updated Roman laws)
• Engineering and Architectural achievements
• Used Roman engineering knowledge
• Built large churches
• Art Mosaics and Icons
• Orthodox Christian Church
• Split from the Roman Catholic Church

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Byzantine Empire and Russia

• Russia (800s- present)
• Early trade center of Kiev emerged
• Written language developed by Christian Byzantine
  missionaries
• Developed Orthodox Christianity
• Autocratic government (Czars Caesars)
• Adopted much from the Byzantine Empire

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Islamic Civilization

• Spread of Islam
• Caliph is a successor to Muhammad
• Middle East, North Africa, Spain, Sicily, India
  and Southeast Asia
• Trade networks and conquest
• Islamic Law
• Sharia is law regulating all aspects of life
• Sunni and Shia split over disagreement on
  caliphs authority

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Islamic Civilization

• Society
• Permitted social mobility
• Tolerant of other religions in conquered lands
• Women enjoyed more freedoms than Europe
• Islams Golden Age
• Preserved Greco-Roman culture
• Encouraged Education
• Art, Literature, and Medicine flourished

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Islamic Civilization

• Mathematics and Science
• Development of Algebra and Astronomy
• Christian Europe
• Islam expanded to Spain and Sicily
• Crusades fought between Christians and Muslims
  over the Holy Lands (Jerusalem)

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Medieval Europe

• Middle Ages (500-1450s)
• Emerged as small independent kingdoms after the
  fall of the Roman Empire
• Franks
• Germanic empire developed in (France)
• Charlemagne became Holy Roman Emperor
• Encouraged learning

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Medieval Europe

• Feudalism
• Political system using land for loyalty
• Social Structure
• King, Nobles, Knights, Peasants
• Knights lived by a code of Chivalry (loyalty)
• Manorialism
• Economic system structured around lords manor or
  estate
• Peasants (serfs) work the land, lord protects

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Medieval Europe

• Church in Medieval Life
• Church hierarchy similar to feudal society
• Church was most important thing in life
• Church had more power than kings
• Cultural Achievements
• Literature developed
• Gothic architecture developed

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Crusades

• Causes
• Byzantine Empire was fighting Muslim Turks
• Pope wanted to increase power
• Nobles wanted to gain wealth and land
• Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression
• Effects
• Increased trade between Europe and Asia
• Expanded learning of Greco-Roman culture
• Power of the Church decreased