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Institutional Structures and Arrangements at Public Sector Laboratories

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Title: Institutional Structures and Arrangements at Public Sector Laboratories


1
Institutional Structures and Arrangements at
Public Sector Laboratories
  • Lyndal Thorburn
  • Advance Consulting Evaluation Pty Ltd
  • OECD Workshop on High Technology Spinoffs,
  • Working Group on Innovation and Technology
    Policy,
  • 8 December 1999

2
Public Sector Laboratories
  • Total 194 direct spinoffs from Australian
    research institutions. Of these
  • 92 from universities
  • 8 from hospitals
  • 14 from co-operative research centres
  • Remaining 82 from public sector labs
  • 56 from CSIRO
  • 11 from Medical Research Institutes
  • 3 from DSTO, 5 others

3
CSIRO Structure Aims
  • Science Industry Research Act 1949
  • Conducts scientific research to assist Australian
    industry
  • Can own control IP
  • But not permitted to own a controlling interest
    in a co. without Ministerial approval
  • Also subject to FOI, Privacy, ADJR

4
CSIRO Research
  • Collaborative RD
  • Contract research
  • Consulting
  • Licensing of formal intellectual property
  • Technical services
  • Research by 6,700 staff (96/97) covers
    agribusiness, manufacturing, mining, environment,
    services

5
Official Performance Indicators
  • Sector profile
  • External earnings
  • Publications, reports, patents
  • Customer satisfaction
  • Adoption and impact of research and advice
  • NOT spinoffs, but it recognises 3 types of
    startups technology transfer companies (30),
    direct spinoffs (55), indirect spinoffs (20)

6
CSIRO Commercial Outputs
  • AUTM survey (1997)
  • US universities, per 1000 faculty, receive 37
    disclosures, apply for 9 patents, negotiate 11
    licence agreements, receive US320,00 royalties
  • No Australian equivalent,but using AUTM standard
    in 1996/97 CSIRO should have applied for 60
    patents (52) received US2.1m royalties (US4m)
    and produced 5 startups (2.5).

Trune (1996)
7
CSIRO Startups
  • Range of forces
  • institutional
  • technological
  • profit
  • market
  • Finance rare
  • Equity rare

8
Stand-alone
Individual shareholders
licence
CSIRO
New Spinoff
staff
royalties
  • Staff resign, redundancy, use for co. finance

9
Joint Venture
  • CSIRO staff usually on leave without pay, funding
    from jv partners, CSIRO may have equity position

10
Subsidiary of single existing firm
  • CSIRO staff resign or LWOP, funding from parent

11
Public listing
12
Medical Research Institutes (MRIs)
  • Statute e.g. Garvan Institute of Medical
    Research, Howard Florey Institute of Experimental
    Physiology
  • Company e.g.Austin Research Institute
  • Approx 20 of these, AU120m, 2000 staff
  • Main aim is understanding treatment of disease

13
MRI Commercial Outputs
  • No standardised performance indicators but annual
    reports concentrate on research activities,
    publications, conferences etc
  • Using same AUTM survey, expect 18 patent
    applications, US0.64m royalties, 22 licence
    agreements, 1.2 startups in 96/97
  • no data available except known 0 startups that
    year

14
Wholly owned subsidiary
15
Joint Venture
  • Spinoff staff are usually provided by the partner
    firm or
  • are recruited directly researchers stay within
    MRI
  • n 1 (2)

16
Subsidiary of multiple owners
  • Spinoff driven by finance opportunity, MRI staff
    p/t in firm

17
Summary of Models
18
Issues
  • Spinoff rates influenced by
  • Basic vs applied focus
  • Commercial imperatives
  • Commercial focus
  • Finance
  • Spinoff structures influenced by
  • Legal status
  • Perceptions of risk
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