Compromise and Succession

1
Compromise and Succession

• Chapter 14

2
The Compromise of 1850

• What incidents led to the issues that were
  discussed in the Compromise of 1850?
• What were the two sides of the debate in the
  Compromise of 1850?
• Ultimately, what did Henry Clay pass through as
  the solution? What did each side receive?
  (Fugitive Slave Act)

3
Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty
The Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty left the balance of
slave and free states up for grabs as the new
territories began to apply for statehood
4
California Statehood
The growth of San Francisco due to the gold rush
was a big reason why California applied for
statehood as a free state
5
Henry Clay

• Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850 before
  the Senate
• California is a free state
• Gained Mexican lands are now divided into New
  Mexico and Arizona and popular sovereignty
  decides slavery issue
• Federal government will pay off Texas debt
• Allow slavery to continue in Washington D.C.
• Enforce a new Fugitive Slave Law

6
Defiance of the Compromise

• What caused the North to ultimately defy the
  promises that they made in the Compromise of
  1850? (Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher
  Stowe)
• How did the Election of 1852 suggest that the
  issue of slavery had replaced Manifest Destiny as
  the main issue?

7
Fugitive Slave Act
The Fugitive Slave Law created a backlash in the
North
8
Uncle Toms Cabin
This book by Harriet Beecher Stowe further
aroused Northern feelings for the slaves
9
Election of 1852
Slavery becomes the main issue as Scott (Whig)
loses to Pierce (Democrat) Pierce Popular
Sovereignty
10
The Kansas-Nebraska Act

• What caused the massive political changes in the
  mid-1850s?
• What was the original intent of the
  Kansas-Nebraska Act and how did it get passed?
• What sectional and political outcries were caused
  by the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

11
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Stephen A. Douglas proposed a new map dividing
Kansas and Nebraska in order to advance their
settlement, but had to appease the South by
allowing both states to use popular sovereignty
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Party Realignments and Divisions

• After the Kansas-Nebraska Act, what new political
  parties sprung up and what were their ideals?
  (Know-Nothings, Republicans)
• What were the causes of Bleeding Kansas?
  (Lecompton v. Topeka, John Brown and Sack of
  Lawrence)
• What events after Kansas showed a further
  national division? (Brooks-Sumner Incident)
• What was the result of the election of 1856 and
  what new era did it signal?

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Free Soilers
The reaction of the Free-Soil Movement to the
Kansas-Nebraska Act
14
Know-Nothings (American Party)
The Know-Nothings became a legitimate
anti-slavery option before their radical
conspiracies eventually turned members away
15
The Republican Party
The Republicans became a coalition of the
Liberty, Free-Soil, and Know-Nothing anti-slavery
advocates as they opposed the new Kansas-Nebraska
Act
16
Lecompton Constitution
This small house held the Lecompton legislature,
which passed slavery laws in Kansas The rival
Topeka legislature disputed their authority,
causing a civil war in Kansas
17
Bleeding Kansas
The Sack of Lawrence and John Browns Massacre
(shown above) opened the eyes of the nation to
the civil war in Kansas and heightened the
slavery issue
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Brooks-Sumner Incident
When Preston Brooks (South) attacked Charles
Sumner (North) with a club in the Senate, the
division of North and South was clear
19
The Election of 1856
Fremont gives the Republicans a strong showing in
the North, while Buchanan narrowly wins due to
Solid South
20
The Penny Press

• Create a 1 page newspaper story on any of the
  events that happened between the Compromise of
  1850 and the Election of 1856. Make sure to
  include 2 causes of the event, 2 happenings
  within the event, any people that were involved,
  2 possible effects of the event, and a visual
  sketch of the event.

21
The Union in Crisis

• What was the role of the Supreme Court regarding
  the slavery issue? (Dred Scott Case)
• What were the causes of the South considering the
  idea of succession from the union? (Harpers
  Ferry, Panic of 1857)
• What impact did the Lincoln-Douglas debates have
  on party ideologies and future elections?
  (Illinois Senate Race)

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Dred Scott claimed he was free after his master
took him to the North, but the mostly Southern
Supreme Court ruled that he, like all blacks,
were not citizens of the US Also, the Supreme
Court ruled that Congress could not stop the
expansion of slavery due to the 5th Amendment
property rights
23
Harpers Ferry
John Browns raid of Harpers Ferry was only one
of the reasons why the South considered breaking
from the Union
24
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Douglas, running for his Illinois Senate Seat,
ran into the unknown challenger Abraham Lincoln,
who challenged him to debates in which Lincoln
held his middle ground stance while forcing
Douglas to make his Freeport Doctrine speech in
favor of abolishing slavery to win Douglass
stance split the Democratic Party between
anti-slavery and pro-slavery supporters, while
Lincoln became a legitimate candidate
25
The Union Collapses

• What were the results of the election of 1860?
  (Four Way Election)
• What were the final compromise attempts by the
  North and South, and why did they fail?
  (Crittenden Compromise)
• What event started the Civil War and how did each
  side respond to the conflict? (Fort Sumter)

26
Election of 1860
When Lincoln and Douglas met again in the
Presidential election, Lincoln supported no
slavery expansion and Douglas popular
sovereignty But the damage had been done and the
Southern Democratic candidate split the votes,
allowing Lincoln to win
Breckenridge wanted laws protecting slavery Bell
wanted to unite the country (Constitutional Union
Party)
27
Stages of Secession
After Lincolns victory, the Deep Southern states
seceded from the Union and created the
Confederate States of America led by Jefferson
Davis
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John Crittenden
Author of the Crittenden Compromise, he attempted
to get the Deep South to return to the Union by
offering to redraw the Missouri Compromise line
and give the government less power to control
slavery Lincoln shot down the Compromise,
claiming he had won fairly and promised the
free-soilers he would not give in to Southern
demands
29
Fort Sumter
The Confederate Flag flies at Ft. Sumter,
Charleston after the bombardment forced the Union
to abandon the fort Lincoln called up 75,000
volunteers to put down the rebellion The Upper
South states instead joined the Confederacy in
their bid to remain separate from the Union
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Order in the Court Essay

• In pairs, in relation to the charge against your
  person, choose to be the defendant or prosecutor
• Create an essay with a thesis, at least two
  paragraphs and six specifics, and a conclusion
• As the prosecutor, come up with an essay to
  explain why the person is GUILTY
• As the defendant, come up with a defense essay of
  your actions to explain that you are NOT GUILTY