Ch. 17 PPT Manifest Destiny and the U.S. Mexican War

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Ch. 17 PPTManifest Destiny and the U.S. Mexican
War
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President Harrison-Whig VP Tyler

• Whig President William Henry Harrison dies in
  1841, 4 weeks into officeJohn Tyler Pres.
• Pres. Tyler switched from Democrat to Whig, BUT
  still held Democrat views.
• Whig Congress (Clay) put thru a bill for a
  Fiscal Bank (new bank of the U.S.), Pres Tyler
  vetoes it.
• Whig Congress tries again for a Fiscal
  Corporation, again Pres. Tyler vetoes.
• Tylers entire cabinet resigned, except Sec. of
  State Daniel Webster.
• Congress redrafted their tariff bill, Tyler
  reluctantly signed it into law.

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Maine Boundary Dispute Aroostook War

• British wanted to build a road westward from
  Halifax to Quebec, which would pass through part
  of Maine.
• Lumberjacks from Maine and Canada entered
  Aroostook River Valley - fights flared up
  called Aroostook War.
• London sent Lord Ashburton to talk with Secretary
  Webster - agreed to compromise.
• Result Americans keep 7,000 sq. miles British
  got 5,000 sq. miles plus route that they wanted

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Ch 17 TMWK

1. Map Pg 374 After the Aroostook War, describe the
   Maine Boundary settlement of 1842.
2. Pg 376 379 Describe what is happening in both
   pictures. (pay attention to contrasts in the
   individual picture)

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Texas

• Argument against annexation might give more
  power to supporters of slavery.
• Mexico refused to recognize Texass independence
• Pres John Tyler arranged for annexation of Texas
  in the U.S. by a joint resolution which required
  a majority vote, instead of 2/3 vote in Congress.
• 1845 Resolution passed Texas formally invited to
  become 28th state - few days before the next Pres
  Polk, came into office.
• Mexico severed diplomatic relations with U.S. and
  refused to recognize Texas as US state

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TMWK

• 3. Write down what Annexation and Manifest
  Destiny means.

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MANIFEST DESTINY

• Phrase used by leaders/politicians in 1840s to
  explain continental expansion by U.S. feeling a
  sense of "mission,"
• They believed that God had destined them to
  spread their democratic institution over the
  continent.
• Reason for manifest destiny Birth rates and
  increase in population, need for land

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TMWK

• Allegory characters or events represent or
  symbolize ideas and concepts.
• 7. Describe how the characters or events in the
  painting represent or symbolize ideas/concepts.

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Allegorical Painting
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TMWK

• 4. Pg 379 Paragraph What Goals did Polk Set as
  President?
• 5. Pg 381 Paragraph What did Polk attempt to
  negotiate before the Mexican-American War?
• 6. Pg 381 Map The border of Oregon and Canada was
  in dispute. Which was the northern most boundary
  of Oregon Country and what boundary line did
  the US and British settle upon on the
  compromise?

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Oregon Country

• Land West of Rockies to Pacific Ocean north to
  the line of 54 40.
• Britain, France, Russia, and Spain had claims on
  the area. Spain Russia gave up their claims to
  U.S.
• Now both British and US had exploration and
  occupation.
• 1840s American population increased in the
  area. By 1846 5,000 Americans.
• British proposed line of 49, Polk asked the
  Senate to decide and they quickly approved the
  49 border line in the 1846 Oregon Treaty.

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President Polk 4 Point Program(Defeated Clay in
1844 Election)

• 1. Tariff of 1846 (Walker Tariff) for revenue
  the bill reduced Tariff of 1842 from 32 to 25.
• 2. Restoration of independent treasury (dropped
  by Whigs in 1841) to place govt funds.
• 3. To acquire California
• 4. Settlement of Oregon border dispute British
  proposed line of 49, Polk asked Senate to decide
  - they quickly approved it.

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Oregon
54 40 the claim the U.S. had in Oregon
Territory
49 parallel (latitude) the U.S. agreed to this
border for Oregon
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California and Texas?

• 1845 Pop. of California mixed 13,000 Spanish
  Mexicans, 75,000 Native Americans, less than a
  thousand foreigners.
• 1845 Pres Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico City
  to offer 25 million for California and land to
  the east. Mexican govt refused the proposal.
• Southwestern border of Texas Nueces River, but
  Texans were claiming the more southerly Rio
  Grande River as the border instead.
• When US annexed Texas, Mexico severed diplomatic
  relations with US and refused to recognize Texas
  as part of U.S.

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Texas Border Dispute Between U.S. and Mexico
Nueces River or Rio Grande River???
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TMWK

• 8. In your opinion, did Polk provoke war with
  Mexico? Why or why not?
• 9. Pg 383 MAP Name two victories by the Americans
  and two victories by the Mexicans during the
  Mexican War. (U.S. vs. Mexico over Texas)

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Polk Provokes War?

• Jan 1846 Pres Polk ordered 4,000 men under
  General Taylor to march from Nueces River to Rio
  Grande River.
• Pres Polk wanted to ask Congress to declare war
  on Mexico for 1) unpaid claims (3 Million) 2)
  Rejection of Slidell.
• Is this reason enough for Congress to declare war
  on Mexico?
• April 1846 Mexican troops crossed Rio Grande and
  attacked General Taylors troops 16 American
  casualties.
• Pres Polk cried shedding of American blood on
  American soil. How was this bending the truth?
• Congress then voted for war against Mexico.

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Palo Alto
5/8/1846 First major battle and victory for
U.S. Displayed U.S. advantages - artillery
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US Conflict with Mexico

• Whig Congressman, Abraham Lincoln, introduced
  resolutions requesting information on the precise
  spot on American soil where American blood had
  been shed. Lincoln push the spot resolutions
  with persistence.
• Did Polk provoke War? Polk wanted California, but
  Mexico wasnt selling it- only way was to use
  force or revolt.
• Dethroned Mexican dictator Santa Anna was exiled
  in Cuba. Polk permitted him to go back to Mexico
  if he would help U.S. acquire California. But
  when Santa Anna returned to Mexico, he rallied to
  defend Mexicos land claims.

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Mexican-American War

• 1846 American General Kearney captured Santa Fe.
• Captain John Fremont collaborated with American
  naval officers to overtake California.
• General Zachary Taylor fought his way across Rio
  Grande into Mexico. At Buena Vista, in 1847,
  Taylors troops of 5,000 men went up against
  20,000 Mexican troops. Americans won. (Taylor
  Hero of Buena Vista)
• 1847 American General Winfield Scott wins and
  takes Mexico City.

Santa Anna
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Buena Vista
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TMWK

• 10. Pg. 384 Paragraph What did U.S. get in the
  Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

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1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

• Mexico recognized American claim to Texas
• US acquired lands of present-day CA, Nevada,
  Utah and parts of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico,
  Wyoming.
• US agreed to pay 15 million for the Mexican
  lands
• US agreed to assume the debts Mexico owed to the
  U.S. 3,250,000
• Treaty approved by Senate US paid total of
  18,250,000 for all the lands.

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
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TMWK

• 11. Pg 388-389 Paragraph What is the Wilmot
  Proviso? Did the Wilmot Proviso pass?

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Post Mexican-American War

• America increased in size by one-third
• Representative David Wilmot introduced amendment
  - the Wilmot Proviso
• Wilmot Proviso stipulated that slavery shouldnt
  exist in any of the territory acquired from
  Mexican War. Proviso passed in the House, but
  NOT Senate (twice), so never became federal law.
• Reputation of Old Rough and Ready Taylor
  reputation would earn him presidency
• New territories brought into the Union will upset
  the balance of slave slates vs. free states
  forced the issue to the forefront. (cant be
  ignored)