Recall: Mitosis

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Recall Mitosis

• Mitosis
• 3d mitosis

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Checkpoints in Cell Cycle

• Proteins monitor the cell activities and its
  surroundings
• Proteins send messages to the nucleus
• Nucleus then tells cell whether or not to divide

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Reasons for cell not to divide

• receive signals from surrounding cells not to
  divide
• There are not enough nutrients
• The DNA has not been replicated
• DNA is damaged
• It is the cells natural (or programmed) time
  to die (we call this process APOPTOSIS and it
  does not harm our bodies)

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• checkpoints in cell division
• Start at 400
• apoptosis

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• It is important that the cells get the message
  not to divide when they shouldnt, otherwise cell
  division can get out of control causing

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CANCER

• More than 100 types
• Colon cancer
• Breast cancer
• Skin cancer
• Leukemia
• Ovarian cancer
• Prostate cancer

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• Cancer cells have experienced an alteration in
  cells DNA that prevents the cells from staying
  in interphase for the normal amount of time
  (cells divide quickly)

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• cell division in cancer
• apoptosis and cancer

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Why cancer is so harmful?

• 1) the cells invade other parts of the body (this
  process is called metastasis)
• Metastasis is responsible for 90 of cancer
  related deaths
• Metastasis trip

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Why cancer is so harmful?

• 2) since cells continue to divide
  uncontrollably, they form dense masses called
  TUMOURS which steal nutrients from the normal
  healthy cells.

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Types of tumours

• Benign tumours
• not cancerous
• cannot metastasize
• Can still be harmful by crowding/putting pressure
  on organs/glands, etc (e.g. adenoma in brain
  pushes against glands that produce hormones)

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Malignant tumours

• Cancerous
• can metastasize
• steal nutrients and space from normal cells

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• How cancer develops

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Causes of cancer

• Genetic
• Environmental - carcinogens
• smoking, radiation, chemicals eg. BPA, etc